Solidago rugosa
common wrinkle-leaf goldenrod, rough-stem goldenrod, verge d'or rugueuse, wrinkle-leaf goldenrod
1–50+, erect, glabrous or densely hispid to strigose.
basal withering by flowering;
proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 68–104 × 20–25 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispido-strigose (at least on main nerves), nerves sometimes prominent, abaxial glabrate;
mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–)40–75(–90) × (6–)12–22(–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced distally, margins coarsely to finely serrate, ciliate, indument similar to proximal or denser.
1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigillose;
bracteoles linear- lanceolate to ovate.
narrowly campanulate, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm.
(4–)6–8(–12);
laminae (0.9–)1–1.6(–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm.
(2–)4–6(–8);
corollas 2–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.3) mm.
in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse.
50–1500, secund, in secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays 7–36(–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate.
(narrowly obconic) 0.9–1.5 mm, moderately strigillose;
pappi 1.8–2.5 mm.
Solidago rugosa
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago rugosa is highly variable in size, array shape, and hairiness. It is similar to members of the S. canadensis complex; it differs in not having 3-nerved leaves. The species is divided into two subspecies and five varieties that can be difficult to distinguish.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13); northern (subsp. rugosa) | → 2 |
1. Leaves relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy; ray florets 4–9; mostly se United States (subsp. aspera) | → 3 |
2. Stems and leaves hairy; e Canada and ne United States s to Virginia | var. rugosa |
2. Stems and leaves glabrous; coastal cedar bogs and swamps | var. sphagnophila |
3. Arrays narrow, proximal branches not much exceeding subtending leaves; herbage sparsely hairy; mid to higher elevations in mountains | var. cronquistiana |
3. Arrays wide, usually with elongate proximal branches greatly exceeding subtending leaves; herbage moderately to densely hairy; lower elevations in mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain | → 4 |
4. Distal cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, not much reduced distally; much of range of subspecies | var. aspera |
4. Distal cauline leaves ovate, much reduced distally; outer coastal plain | var. celtidifolia |
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