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common wrinkle-leaf goldenrod, rough-stem goldenrod, verge d'or rugueuse, wrinkle-leaf goldenrod

Cutler's alpine goldenrod, Cutler's goldenrod, verge d'or de Cutler

Habit Plants 30–200 cm; rhizomes long-creeping, forming clones. Plants 5–35 cm; caudices branching, roots fibrous.
Stems

1–50+, erect, glabrous or densely hispid to strigose.

1–5+, ascending to erect, hirtellous-puberulent in arrays.

Leaves

basal withering by flowering;

proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 68–104 × 20–25 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispido-strigose (at least on main nerves), nerves sometimes prominent, abaxial glabrate;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–)40–75(–90) × (6–)12–22(–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced distally, margins coarsely to finely serrate, ciliate, indument similar to proximal or denser.

basal and proximal cauline petiolate, tapering;

blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 20–150 × 5–40 mm, margins ciliate, serrate crenate, apices acute to rounded, faces glabrous;

distal usually 2–5, sessile, blades sometimes ± clasping, oblanceolate, 20–40 × 4–9 mm, distally reduced and becoming broadly to narrowly lanceolate, margins entire, apices acute to obtuse.

Peduncles

1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigillose;

bracteoles linear- lanceolate to ovate.

5–6 mm, moderately hispidulo-strigillose;

bracteoles 0–1, linear-lanceolate.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm.

broadly campanulate, 5–7.5 mm.

Ray florets

(4–)6–8(–12);

laminae (0.9–)1–1.6(–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm.

6–15;

laminae 2–4 × 1–2 mm.

Disc florets

(2–)4–6(–8);

corollas 2–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.3) mm.

12–35;

corollas 4–5.5 mm, lobes 1–2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse.

unequal, outer (lengths 1/2 inner) deltate, acute, inner lanceolate, obtuse.

Heads

50–1500, secund, in secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays 7–36(–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate.

2–50(–160) in compact corymbiform arrays in smaller plants, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays in larger ones.

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 0.9–1.5 mm, moderately strigillose;

pappi 1.8–2.5 mm.

1–2.5 mm, strigose;

pappi 3–5 mm.

2n

= 36.

Solidago rugosa

Solidago leiocarpa

Phenology Flowering Aug–Sep.
Habitat Alpine habitats
Elevation 800–1600 m (2600–5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ME; NH; NY; VT; QC
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago rugosa is highly variable in size, array shape, and hairiness. It is similar to members of the S. canadensis complex; it differs in not having 3-nerved leaves. The species is divided into two subspecies and five varieties that can be difficult to distinguish.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago leiocarpa is similar to and possibly conspecific with S. multiradiata. It has long been treated as S. cutleri in regional floras.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13); northern (subsp. rugosa)
→ 2
1. Leaves relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy; ray florets 4–9; mostly se United States (subsp. aspera)
→ 3
2. Stems and leaves hairy; e Canada and ne United States s to Virginia
var. rugosa
2. Stems and leaves glabrous; coastal cedar bogs and swamps
var. sphagnophila
3. Arrays narrow, proximal branches not much exceeding subtending leaves; herbage sparsely hairy; mid to higher elevations in mountains
var. cronquistiana
3. Arrays wide, usually with elongate proximal branches greatly exceeding subtending leaves; herbage moderately to densely hairy; lower elevations in mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain
→ 4
4. Distal cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, not much reduced distally; much of range of subspecies
var. aspera
4. Distal cauline leaves ovate, much reduced distally; outer coastal plain
var. celtidifolia
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 146. FNA vol. 20, p. 111.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Venosae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Multiradiatae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. rugosa var. aspera, S. rugosa var. celtidifolia, S. rugosa var. cronquistiana, S. rugosa var. rugosa, S. rugosa var. sphagnophila
Synonyms Aster rugosus S. cutleri, S. virgaurea var. alpina
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Solidago no. 25. (1768) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 339. (1836)
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