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common wrinkle-leaf goldenrod, rough-stem goldenrod, verge d'or rugueuse, wrinkle-leaf goldenrod

showy goldenrod, slender goldenrod

Habit Plants 30–200 cm; rhizomes long-creeping, forming clones. Plants 30–120 cm; caudices erect, branched, thick.
Stems

1–50+, erect, glabrous or densely hispid to strigose.

usually single, erect, essentially glabrous basally to hispidulo-puberulent in arrays.

Leaves

basal withering by flowering;

proximal cauline usually withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 68–104 × 20–25 mm, margins sharply serrate, apices acute to attenuate, abaxial faces usually hispido-strigose (at least on main nerves), nerves sometimes prominent, abaxial glabrate;

mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–)40–75(–90) × (6–)12–22(–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced distally, margins coarsely to finely serrate, ciliate, indument similar to proximal or denser.

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles (quickly reduced distally on stems), blades broadly oblanceolate to obovate, 40–150 × 15–50 mm, margins serrate, finely ciliate, apices acute to obtuse, faces glabrous;

mid and distal cauline sessile, blades linear-elliptic, 5–50 × 2–10 mm, margins entire, finely ciliate.

Peduncles

1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigillose;

bracteoles linear- lanceolate to ovate.

1–3 mm.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, (2–)2.5–3.5(–4.5) mm.

narrowly campanulate, 3.5–6.5 mm.

Ray florets

(4–)6–8(–12);

laminae (0.9–)1–1.6(–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm.

5–9;

laminae 2.5–3.5 × 0.7–1 mm.

Disc florets

(2–)4–6(–8);

corollas 2–3.5(–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–)0.7–1(–1.3) mm.

commonly 6–10;

corollas 4 mm, lobes ca. 1 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3–4 series, strongly unequal, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acute to obtuse.

in 3–5 series, appressed, strongly unequal, outer ovate, inner broadly oblong, obtuse to rounded, glabrous.

Heads

50–1500, secund, in secund-pyramidal paniculiform arrays 7–36(–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate.

15–350 (1–10 per branch), clustered on short divergent lateral branches in elongate and usually narrowly paniculiform arrays, often interrupted proximally, not secund, sometimes with ascending, straight or arching, elongate branches (like main axis).

Cypselae

(narrowly obconic) 0.9–1.5 mm, moderately strigillose;

pappi 1.8–2.5 mm.

(tan) ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi 3 mm.

2n

= 18.

Solidago rugosa

Solidago erecta

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Dry woods, disturbed open soils, road embankments
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; CT; DE; GA; IN; KY; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago rugosa is highly variable in size, array shape, and hairiness. It is similar to members of the S. canadensis complex; it differs in not having 3-nerved leaves. The species is divided into two subspecies and five varieties that can be difficult to distinguish.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Solidago erecta is mostly absent from the coastal plain in the southeastern United States.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves relatively thin, not very rugose, usually sharply toothed, apices acuminate, glabrous or relatively soft-hairy; ray florets (4–)6–11(–13); northern (subsp. rugosa)
→ 2
1. Leaves relatively thick and firm, strongly rugose-nerved, usually blunt-toothed to subentire, apices often acute, relatively short and stiff hairy; ray florets 4–9; mostly se United States (subsp. aspera)
→ 3
2. Stems and leaves hairy; e Canada and ne United States s to Virginia
var. rugosa
2. Stems and leaves glabrous; coastal cedar bogs and swamps
var. sphagnophila
3. Arrays narrow, proximal branches not much exceeding subtending leaves; herbage sparsely hairy; mid to higher elevations in mountains
var. cronquistiana
3. Arrays wide, usually with elongate proximal branches greatly exceeding subtending leaves; herbage moderately to densely hairy; lower elevations in mountains, piedmont, and coastal plain
→ 4
4. Distal cauline leaves lanceolate to elliptic, not much reduced distally; much of range of subspecies
var. aspera
4. Distal cauline leaves ovate, much reduced distally; outer coastal plain
var. celtidifolia
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 146. FNA vol. 20, p. 121.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Venosae > ser. Venosae Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Squarrosae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. rugosa var. aspera, S. rugosa var. celtidifolia, S. rugosa var. cronquistiana, S. rugosa var. rugosa, S. rugosa var. sphagnophila
Synonyms Aster rugosus S. porteri, S. speciosa var. erecta
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Solidago no. 25. (1768) Banks ex Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 542. (1813)
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