Flora of North America species comparison

prostrate, decumbent, ascending, or erect, sometimes arching, creeping, sprawling, spreading, scrambling, pendent, climbing, or reclining, sometimes absent.

petiole 2–6 mm;

blade: proximal 15–35 × 10–30 mm, base truncate or rounded to cuneate, distal 4–25 × 2–14 mm, base hastate to sagittate, villous with scattered glandular hairs.

deciduous or persistent, basal, basal and cauline, or cauline, opposite, subopposite, alternate, helical, or whorled, sometimes opposite proximally, alternate distally, simple;

stipules absent;

petiole present or absent;

blade fleshy or not, leathery or not, margins entire to subentire, toothed, or lobed.

axillary or terminal, spikes, racemes, cymes, corymbs, thyrses, whorls, panicles, spiciform, or flowers 1–4.

10–22 mm.

sepal lobes lanceolate, 3–6 × 1–2 mm, not accrescent, apex acuminate, villous;

corolla tube 1–2 mm, palate yellow, inflated, hairy, spurs 5–6 mm, abaxial lobes yellow to violet, adaxial blue to violet, 2–3 mm;

abaxial filaments 1.5–2 mm, adaxial 1–1.5 mm;

style included, 1.3–1.5 mm;

stigma straight.

bisexual, rarely unisexual (Callitriche, Hippuris, Littorella), perianth and androecium hypogynous (epigynous in Hippuris);

sepals (2–)4 or 5, basally or proximally connate, sometimes distinct, rarely a minute rim (Hippuris) or 0 (Callitriche), calyx radially or bilaterally symmetric;

petals 0 (Callitriche, Hippuris) or (3 or)4 or 5, connate, corolla radially or bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate, bilabiate and personate, or regular, rarely unilabiate (Synthyris), ± rotate to salverform, ± cylindric, tubular, funnelform, urceolate, ellipsoid, globular, ovoid, or ligulate;

stamens (1 or)2–4 or 5, adnate to corolla or free, didynamous or equal, staminodes 0 or 1(–3);

pistil 1, 2-carpellate (1 in Hippuris), ovary superior (inferior in Hippuris), 2-locular, sometimes 1-locular or 4-locular (Callitriche), placentation axile, sometimes parietal (Dopatrium), parietal centrally and axile distally and proximally (Synthyris), apical (Hippuris), basal (Callitriche, Littorella), or free-central (Plantago);

ovules anatropous, hemitropous, hemianatropous, or campylotropous, unitegmic, tenuinucellate;

styles [0]1 (2 in Callitriche);

stigma 1 (2 in Callitriche).

capsules, dehiscence loculicidal, septicidal, or poricidal, or nutlets (Littorella), pyxides (Plantago), schizocarps (Callitriche), drupes (Hippuris), or drupelike (Lagotis).

ovoid-globular, 3–5 mm.

1–1.5 mm, cristate-tuberculate.

1–300, white, tan, brown, yellow, gray, black, maroon, or red, ovoid to ellipsoid, cylindric, globular, oblong, conic, disciform, patelliform, or angled;

embryo straight, rarely curved, endosperm present.

= 36.