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Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

Habit Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched.
Stems

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

Peduncles

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

Ray florets

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

Disc florets

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

Heads

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

Cypselae

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

Solidago nemoralis

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
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Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 159.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
Name authority Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789)
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