The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

lance-leaf goldenrod

Habit Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched. Plants 60–160 cm; caudices woody.
Stems

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

1–5+, erect, straight, moderately hairy in arrays.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

basal withering by flowering;

proximal cauline subpetiolate or sessile, tapering to broadly winged petiole-like bases, blades lanceolate, 110–180 × 2–35 mm, margins serrate (with 7–15 teeth), apices acuminate, abaxial faces sparsely hairy along nerves, adaxial glabrous or sparsely hairy;

distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly elliptic, 60–110 × 11–15 mm, margins entire to slightly serrate (teeth 0–6), apices acuminate-cuspidate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Peduncles

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

1–5 mm, moderately strigose;

bracteoles linear, 0–2.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

campanulate 6.4–8.5(–9) mm.

Ray florets

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

5–8;

laminae 2.3–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm.

Disc florets

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

(5–)6.2–8.1(–12);

corollas (2.8–)3–3.3(–3.9) mm, lobes (1.3–)1.5–1.8(–2.1) mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

in 3–4 series, unequal, 3–10-nerved, acute to obtuse;

outermost linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1.7–2.4 mm, innermost linear-oblong, 4–6 mm.

Heads

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

80–400 (usually 4–10 per branch) in short axillary and terminal racemiform/paniculiform arrays 11–43 cm.

Cypselae

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

(narrowly obconic) 1–1.7(–2) mm, moderately to densely strigillose;

pappi (3.4–)4–5 mm.

2n

= 90.

Solidago nemoralis

Solidago lancifolia

Phenology Flowering late Aug–Sep.
Habitat Woods, shaded to full sun along road embankments, at higher elevations
Elevation 1100–1500+ m (3600–4900+ ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NC; TN
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

A few atypical plants of Solidago lancifolia with multinerved phyllaries grow along the border of Virginia and West Virginia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 159. FNA vol. 20, p. 128.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Glomeruliflorae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
Synonyms S. ambigua var. lancifolia, Aster lancifolius
Name authority Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789) (Torrey & A. Gray) Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 209. (1860)
Web links