The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Canada goldenrod, dyersweed goldenrod, field goldenrod, gray goldenrod, gray or gray-stem or old-field goldenrod, verge d'or des bois

wand goldenrod, wand or wandlike or willow-leaf goldenrod

Habit Plants 20–100 cm; caudices short-branched. Plants 30–200 cm; caudices short, simple, rhizomes long, stoloniform.
Stems

1–6(–10), erect, short-canescent (hairs ascending to appressed).

1–5(–10), ascending to erect (tall stems sometimes arching), branching proximal to arrays only in damaged stems, glabrous.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles, blades spatulate-ovate to oblanceolate, 20–95 × 7–15 mm, margins crenate to entire, apices acute, faces densely puberulent;

mid and distal cauline (sometimes subtending axillary tufts of lateral branch leaves) sessile, blades linear-oblanceolate, 16–45 × 3–7 mm, reduced distally, margins entire.

basal subsessile to winged-petiolate, petioles of proximalmost nearly completely sheathing stems, blades oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 60–600 × 3–20(–50) mm, thick and firm, obtuse to rounded, bases tapering, margins entire or obscurely serrate, glabrous;

proximal to distal cauline sessile, ascending to nearly appressed, lanceolate-oblong to linear, 10–30 × 2–4 mm, abruptly reduced proximally, then gradually so distally, margins entire, apices acute, faces glabrous.

Peduncles

2–3.5 mm, bracteoles 0–4, linear.

slender, 2–10 mm, glabrous or sparsely strigillose;

bracteoles linear.

Involucres

narrowly campanulate, 2.6–5.8 mm.

narrowly campanulate, 4–6 mm.

Ray florets

5–11;

laminae 2.8–5.5 × 0.3–0.7 mm.

3–7, 1.5–2 × ca. 0.5 mm.

Disc florets

3–10; 2.5–4.6 mm, lobes 0.4-0.6 mm.

usually 8–12;

corollas 3–5 mm, lobes 1–1.2 mm.

Phyllaries

in 3 series, ovate to linear-lanceolate, unequal, outer acute, inner obtuse.

in 3–4 series, oblong, unequal, acute to rounded, glabrous.

Heads

10–300, secund, in wandlike pyramidal, paniculiform arrays, secund to apically recurved, 8–25 × 2.5–10 cm, sometimes proximal branches elongate, repeating pattern.

15–250, sometimes secund on proximal branches and secund terminus, in linear, narrowly elongate paniculiform to elongate pyramidal-secund or thyrsiform-paniculiform and not secund arrays, sometimes with a few elongate proximal, arching branches.

Cypselae

(obconic) 0.5–2 mm, strigose;

pappi 2–4 mm.

1.5–2.5 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;

pappi 3 mm.

Solidago nemoralis

Solidago stricta

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CO; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VT; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

The arrays can be elongate with ends bent nearly 90–180°.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Solidago chrysopsis is interpreted here as just a diminutive form of S. stricta growing in the Florida Keys. Solidago stricta may hybridize with S. sempervirens in locations near salt marshes. Solidago flavovirens, from brackish marshes near Apalachicola, may be this species, or perhaps a hybrid with S. sempervirens.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Pappus bristles usually not or barely exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc floret lobes; disc corolla lobes 0.5–0.9(–1) mm; involucres usually 2.6–4.2 mm (tetraploids have larger heads); cypselae usually only sparsely strigose; basal leaves usually crenate, oblanceolate to obovate; open areas and open woods in eastern deciduous forest
subsp. nemoralis
1. Pappus bristles usually exceeding ray floret corolla tubes and bases of disc corolla lobes; disc corolla lobes (0.6–)0.8–1.5 mm; involucres usually 4.6–5.8 mm; cypselae moderately strigose; basal leaves usually not crenate, often linear-oblanceolate; prairies (rarely in forested areas) from Indiana westward to the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia to New Mexico
subsp. decemflora
1. Basal leaves entire; arrays narrow, without elongate proximal branches; outer coastal plain, Delaware to Texas (Mexico, Central America)
subsp. stricta
1. Basal leaves sparsely to obviously serrate; arrays sometimes with much elongate proximal arching branches; mostly inner coastal plain, North Carolina to Alabama
subsp. gracillima
Source FNA vol. 20, p. 159. FNA vol. 20, p. 137.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Nemorales Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Solidago > sect. Solidago > subsect. Maritimae
Sibling taxa
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. stricta, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
S. albopilosa, S. altiplanities, S. altissima, S. arenicola, S. arguta, S. auriculata, S. bicolor, S. brachyphylla, S. buckleyi, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. confinis, S. curtisii, S. delicatula, S. drummondii, S. elongata, S. erecta, S. faucibus, S. fistulosa, S. flexicaulis, S. gattingeri, S. gigantea, S. glomerata, S. guiradonis, S. hispida, S. houghtonii, S. juliae, S. juncea, S. kralii, S. lancifolia, S. latissimifolia, S. leavenworthii, S. leiocarpa, S. lepida, S. ludoviciana, S. macrophylla, S. missouriensis, S. mollis, S. multiradiata, S. nana, S. nemoralis, S. nitida, S. odora, S. ohioensis, S. ouachitensis, S. patula, S. petiolaris, S. pinetorum, S. plumosa, S. ptarmicoides, S. puberula, S. pulchra, S. radula, S. riddellii, S. rigida, S. roanensis, S. rugosa, S. rupestris, S. sciaphila, S. sempervirens, S. shortii, S. simplex, S. spathulata, S. speciosa, S. spectabilis, S. sphacelata, S. spithamaea, S. squarrosa, S. tarda, S. tortifolia, S. uliginosa, S. ulmifolia, S. velutina, S. verna, S. villosicarpa, S. wrightii
Subordinate taxa
S. nemoralis subsp. decemflora, S. nemoralis subsp. nemoralis
S. stricta subsp. gracillima, S. stricta subsp. stricta
Name authority Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 213. (1789) Aiton: Hort. Kew. 3: 216. (1789)
Web links