Flora of North America species comparison

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Plantago maritima

Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain
Habit Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick.
Stems

0–40 mm, usually branched.
Leaves

10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm;

blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy.
Scapes

40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute.
Spikes

greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered;

bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals.
Flowers

sepals 1.5–3.5 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.
Seeds

1–3, 1.5–3 mm.
2n

= 24.

Plantago maritima
Phenology Flowering summer.
Habitat Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found.

Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 289.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Plantago
Sibling taxa
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
Synonyms P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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