Plantago maritima |
Plantago lanceolata |
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Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
buckhorn plantain, English plantain, narrow-leaf plantain, ribwort, ribwort plantain |
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Habit | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. | Perennials; caudex hairy or glabrous; roots fibrous, slender. |
Stems | 0–40 mm, usually branched. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
30–300 × 5–25(–45) mm; blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or sericeous. |
Scapes | 40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
300–400 mm, groove-angled, hairy. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
grayish, whitish, or yellowish, (5–)100–450(–1000) mm, usually shorter than scape, densely flowered, shiny; corolla lobes of neighboring flowers often overlapping; bracts broadly ovate, 2 mm, length 0.8–1 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 2 connate; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–2.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
(1 or)2, 2–3(–4) mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 12. |
Plantago maritima |
Plantago lanceolata |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. | Roadsides, trails, lawns, urban areas, other disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 0–3200 m. (0–10500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plantago lanceolata is known from historic collections in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The name Plantago altissima Linnaeus sometimes has been misapplied to North American plants of P. lanceolata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 288. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax | P. lanceolata var. angustifolia, P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 113. (1753) |
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