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Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain

Chilean plantain

Habit Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. Annuals; roots taproots, slender.
Stems

0–40 mm, usually branched.

0–10 mm.

Leaves

10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm;

blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy.

20–50 × 2–15 mm;

blade narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, margins toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces densely pilose or glabrate.

Scapes

40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute.

10–50 mm, hairy, hairs appressed or nearly patent.

Spikes

greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered;

bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals.

greenish or brownish, 40–60 mm, densely flowered;

bracts triangular, 2–3.1 mm, length 0.7–1.1 times sepals.

Flowers

sepals 1.5–3.5 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

sepals 1.8–2.8 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes patent or erect, forming a beak, 1.7–3.1 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

Seeds

1–3, 1.5–3 mm.

2, 1.5–2.2 mm, adaxial face flat.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

Plantago maritima

Plantago firma

Phenology Flowering summer. Flowering fall.
Habitat Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. Sandy soils.
Elevation 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; South America (Chile) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found.

Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plantago firma has been known in California, especially in Marin County, since at least 1896, but the most recent collection known was made in 1957.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 289. FNA vol. 17, p. 286.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Plantago Plantaginaceae > Plantago
Sibling taxa
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
Synonyms P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax P. truncata subsp. firma
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) Kunze ex Walpers: Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, suppl. 1: 402. (1843)
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