Plantago maritima |
Plantago coronopus |
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Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
buck's-horn plantain, buck-horn plantain, cut-leaf plantain |
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Habit | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. | Annuals, sometimes biennials; roots taproots, stout. |
Stems | 0–40 mm, usually branched. |
0–10 mm. |
Leaves | 10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
20–80(–115) × 5–15 mm; blade lanceolate, margins usually 1- or 2-pinnatifid, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous, hairs septate, sometimes glabrate. |
Scapes | 40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
decumbent, sometimes erect, 15–150(–210) mm, villous. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
decumbent, sometimes erect, greenish, purplish, or brownish, (15–)30–300 mm, densely flowered; bracts ovate to lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm, length 0.5–0.6 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2–3 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
(2–)4 (plus 1 smaller, distal one of different shape), 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 10, 20, 30 (all Eurasia). |
Plantago maritima |
Plantago coronopus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. | Moist, gravelly or sandy soils. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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CA; MA; NJ; NY; OR; PA; TX; WA; BC; MB; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in s South America]
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Discussion | Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 285. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax | P. coronopus subsp. commutata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 115. (1753) |
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