Plantago maritima |
Plantago eriopoda |
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Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
alkali plantain, hairy fruit plantain, plantain à base velue, redwool plantain, saline plantain |
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Habit | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. | Perennials; caudex well developed, conspicuous, brown-woolly; roots taproots, thick. |
Stems | 0–40 mm, usually branched. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
(30–)50–250 × (5–)15–70 mm; blade lanceolate to elliptic, margins entire, veins conspicuous, laterals branching from base, surfaces glabrous or hairy. |
Scapes | 40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
(40–)50–300 mm, glabrous or hairy. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
brownish or greenish, (25–)80–500 mm, loosely flowered, rachis visible between flowers; bracts broadly ovate, 2–2.5 mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2–2.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
2–4, 2–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Plantago maritima |
Plantago eriopoda |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. | Moist meadows and prairies, wetlands, marshes, fens, ditches, stream banks, saline or alkaline soils. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 0–2900 m. (0–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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AK; AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; QC; SK; YT; Mexico (Durango)
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Discussion | Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 286. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax | P. shastensis |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 237. (1827) |
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