Plantago maritima |
Plantago heterophylla |
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Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
slender plantain |
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Habit | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. |
Stems | 0–40 mm, usually branched. |
0–10 mm. |
Leaves | 10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
30–80 × 1–4 mm; blade linear, margins lobed, rarely entire, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
Scapes | 40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
5–60 mm, hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
greenish or brownish, 50–150 mm, loosely or densely flowered; bracts ovate, 2 mm, length 0.9–1.1 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes spreading, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 2. |
Seeds | 1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
10–25(–30), 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 12. |
Plantago maritima |
Plantago heterophylla |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. | Moist sandy soils. |
Elevation | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA [Introduced in South America (Argentina)]
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Discussion | Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 287. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s. 5: 177. (1835) |
Web links |
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