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orthotrichum moss

Habit Plants (0.5–)2(–4.3) cm, light green to olive green.
Stem

leaves stiff, erect-appressed, slightly secund when dry, oblong-lanceolate, lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, 2–4.3 mm;

margins revolute from base to near apex, entire;

apex obtuse, bluntly or narrowly acute, or gradually acuminate;

basal laminal cells rectangular to elongate, grading to elliptic-quadrate, walls thick, nodose;

distal cells 8–12 µm, 1-stratose, papillae 1–3 per cell, conic or 2-fid, low.

Seta

1.5–4 mm.

Sexual condition

gonioautoicous.

Capsule

fully exserted, cylindric, 1.4–2.6 mm, smooth or sometimes slightly plicate distally;

exothecial cells homogeneous;

stomata superficial;

peristome double;

prostome absent or rudimentary;

exostome teeth 16, erect, papillose;

endostome segments 8, occasionally rudimentary, usually absent in open capsules, of 1 row of cells, smooth.

Calyptra

conic-oblong, smooth, sparsely hairy, hairs finely papillose.

Spores

10–15 µm.

Specialized

asexual reproduction absent.

Orthotrichum laevigatum

Habitat Non-calcareous boulders in mesic, open coniferous forests, base of deciduous trees
Elevation moderate to high elevations (500-3000 m) (moderate to high elevations (1600-9800 ft))
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; SK; YT; Europe; e Asia (Japan)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Orthotrichum laevigatum is part of a complex group of intergrading taxa that generally are characterized by exserted, cylindric capsules with 16 erect or reflexed exostome teeth and a poorly developed endostome. Gametophytically, robust plants have stiff, erect leaves and large, blunt papillae. This complex is treated here as three species: O. holzingeri, a distinct, highly specialized species of seasonally wet rock with smooth exostome teeth, smooth laminal cells, smooth calyptra, and slightly ribbed capsule as distinguishing features; O. laevigatum, distinguished by smooth capsule and erect, papillose exostome teeth; and O. pylaisii, distinguished by slightly 8-ribbed capsule and reflexed-recurved exostome teeth.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 28, p. 57.
Parent taxa Orthotrichaceae > Orthotrichum
Sibling taxa
O. affine, O. alpestre, O. anodon, O. anomalum, O. bartramii, O. bolanderi, O. consimile, O. cupulatum, O. diaphanum, O. elegans, O. euryphyllum, O. exiguum, O. fenestratum, O. flowersii, O. gymnostomum, O. hallii, O. holzingeri, O. keeverae, O. kellmanii, O. lescurii, O. lyellii, O. norrisii, O. obtusifolium, O. ohioense, O. pallens, O. parvulum, O. pellucidum, O. praemorsum, O. pulchellum, O. pumilum, O. pusillum, O. pycnophyllum, O. pylaisii, O. rivulare, O. rupestre, O. shawii, O. shevockii, O. sordidum, O. speciosum, O. spjutii, O. stellatum, O. stramineum, O. strangulatum, O. striatum, O. tenellum, O. underwoodii
Synonyms O. hainesiae, O. kingianum, O. laevigatum var. kingianum, O. lonchothecium, O. macounii, O. macounii var. lonchothecium, O. raui, O. roellii, O. roellii subsp. schlotthaueri, O. roellii subsp. stenocarpum, O. schlotthaueri, O. speciosum var. brevicaule, O. speciosum var. hainesiae, O. speciosum subsp. laevigatum, O. speciosum var. polyanthum, O. speciosum var. polycarpum, O. speciosum var. raui
Name authority J. E. Zetterstedt: Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 19: 363. (1862)
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