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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses

Habit Plants 20–65 cm.
Roots

numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout.

Leaves

persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm.

Inflorescences

spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund;

rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent.

Flowers

nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping;

sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm;

lateral sepals spreading;

petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse;

lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm;

veins of lip straight, branches parallel;

basal calli conic, to 1 mm;

viscidium linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 8 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

2n

= 30.

Spiranthes vernalis

Phenology Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north).
Habitat Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 534.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa
Synonyms Ibidium vernale
Name authority Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845)
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