Spiranthes vernalis |
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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 20–65 cm. |
Roots | numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. |
Flowers | nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
2n | = 30. |
Spiranthes vernalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). |
Habitat | Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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Discussion | The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Ibidium vernale |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) |
Web links |