Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes eatonii |
|
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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses |
Eaton's lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 20–65 cm. | Plants 15–55 cm. |
Roots | numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. |
mostly to 1 cm diam., few, stout. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. |
withering at anthesis, 3–7, basal, spreading, oblanceolate, 5.5 × 0.75–1 cm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. |
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Spikes | secund to tightly spiraled, 8–10 flowers per cycle of spiral; rachis pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. |
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Flowers | nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. |
white; sepals green at base, spatulate, 3–4.5 × 1 mm; petals green at base, linear to lance-oblong, 3–4.5 × 1 mm, apex acute to obtuse; lip with distinct green central portion, ovate to oblong, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, narrowed to rounded apex; veins several, divergent; basal calli pointed outward, thickened, mostly to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 3 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
monoembryonic. |
2n | = 30. |
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Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes eatonii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns | Se coastal plain and Gulf Coast in dry to moist fields, pine flatwoods, wood roads, cemeteries |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Spiranthes eatonii is easily confused with S. lacera var. lacera (and in herbarium specimens with S. floridana, S. brevilabris, S. tuberosa, and S. torta), except that it flowers in the winter and spring. It is the only white-flowered, basal-leaved Spiranthes within its range to bloom at that time of year. The narrow, oblanceolate leaves are distinctive within this group. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. | FNA vol. 26, p. 537. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ibidium vernale | |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) | Ames ex P. M. Brown: N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 5: 9, figs. on pp 14, 15. (1999) |
Web links |