Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes delitescens |
|
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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses |
reclusive lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 20–65 cm. | Plants 20–48 cm. |
Roots | numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. |
few–several, descending, slenderly tuberous, to 5 mm diam. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. |
persisting through anthesis, basal, on proximal 1/2 of stem, ascending to spreading, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, to 18 × 1.5 cm (rarely wider). |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. |
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Spikes | loosely to tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral; rachis rather densely pubescent, trichomes without glands pointed, glandular obviously stalked, glands equaling or narrower than stipes. |
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Flowers | nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. |
curving through horizontal, white, somewhat gaping and open with wide-spreading lateral sepals; sepals usually connate at base, 6.5–8(–9.9) mm; lateral sepals curving outward throughout lengths, usually directed somewhat downward; petals linear to linear-oblanceolate, apex obtuse; lip creamy or very pale yellow centrally, oblong, with variably evident median constriction, 5.8–7.9 × 3.2–4.9 mm, apex broadly expanded with extensive transverse pleats, distal surface mostly glabrous adaxially; basal calli prominent, stout; veins few, branches mostly wide-spreading; viscidia linear to linear-lanceolate; ovary 3–6 mm. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
monoembryonic. |
2n | = 30. |
= 74. |
Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes delitescens |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns | Cienegas, wet riparian meadows, stream banks |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 1400–1500 m (4600–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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AZ |
Discussion | The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Spiranthes delitescens is an amphiploid product of hybridization of species in the n = 15 and n = 22 lineages. Although its origin is unknown, on morphologic grounds C. J. Sheviak (1990) proposed S. vernalis and S. porrifolia as possible parents. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. | FNA vol. 26, p. 544. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ibidium vernale | |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) | Sheviak: Rhodora 92: 215, figs. 1, 2. (1990) |
Web links |