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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses

reclusive lady's tresses

Habit Plants 20–65 cm. Plants 20–48 cm.
Roots

numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout.

few–several, descending, slenderly tuberous, to 5 mm diam.

Leaves

persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm.

persisting through anthesis, basal, on proximal 1/2 of stem, ascending to spreading, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, to 18 × 1.5 cm (rarely wider).

Inflorescences

spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund;

rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent.

Spikes

loosely to tightly spiraled, 3 flowers per cycle of spiral;

rachis rather densely pubescent, trichomes without glands pointed, glandular obviously stalked, glands equaling or narrower than stipes.

Flowers

nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping;

sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm;

lateral sepals spreading;

petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse;

lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm;

veins of lip straight, branches parallel;

basal calli conic, to 1 mm;

viscidium linear-lanceolate;

ovary mostly 8 mm.

curving through horizontal, white, somewhat gaping and open with wide-spreading lateral sepals;

sepals usually connate at base, 6.5–8(–9.9) mm;

lateral sepals curving outward throughout lengths, usually directed somewhat downward;

petals linear to linear-oblanceolate, apex obtuse;

lip creamy or very pale yellow centrally, oblong, with variably evident median constriction, 5.8–7.9 × 3.2–4.9 mm, apex broadly expanded with extensive transverse pleats, distal surface mostly glabrous adaxially;

basal calli prominent, stout;

veins few, branches mostly wide-spreading;

viscidia linear to linear-lanceolate;

ovary 3–6 mm.

Seeds

monoembryonic.

monoembryonic.

2n

= 30.

= 74.

Spiranthes vernalis

Spiranthes delitescens

Phenology Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). Flowering Jul–Aug.
Habitat Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns Cienegas, wet riparian meadows, stream banks
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 1400–1500 m (4600–4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
[WildflowerSearch map]
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from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Spiranthes delitescens is an amphiploid product of hybridization of species in the n = 15 and n = 22 lineages. Although its origin is unknown, on morphologic grounds C. J. Sheviak (1990) proposed S. vernalis and S. porrifolia as possible parents.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 534. FNA vol. 26, p. 544.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes
Sibling taxa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. delitescens, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa
S. brevilabris, S. casei, S. cernua, S. diluvialis, S. eatonii, S. floridana, S. infernalis, S. lacera, S. laciniata, S. longilabris, S. lucida, S. magnicamporum, S. ochroleuca, S. odorata, S. ovalis, S. parksii, S. porrifolia, S. praecox, S. romanzoffiana, S. torta, S. tuberosa, S. vernalis
Synonyms Ibidium vernale
Name authority Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) Sheviak: Rhodora 92: 215, figs. 1, 2. (1990)
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