Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes laciniata |
|
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spring ladies'-tresses, spring lady's tresses |
lacelip ladies'-tresses, lacelip lady's tresses |
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Habit | Plants 20–65 cm. | Plants 20–95(–100+) cm. |
Roots | numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., stout. |
numerous, spreading, mostly to 1 cm diam., slender. |
Leaves | persisting through anthesis, to 4–5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–25 × 1 cm. |
persisting through anthesis, to 5, basal, reduced to sheathing bracts upward on stem, spreading, linear-lanceolate, keeled, 5–40 × 1.7 cm, rigid. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 3–7 or more flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis densely pubescent, trichomes articulate, pointed, capitate glands absent. |
spikes loosely to tightly spiraled, 5–9 flowers per cycle of spiral, sometimes nearly secund; rachis moderately to densely pubescent, some trichomes capitate, glands obviously stalked. |
Flowers | nodding to somewhat ascending, white to cream, mostly gaping; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals oblong, 6–9 × 2 mm, apex obtuse; lip creamy yellow centrally or some individuals with 2 brown-orange spots, ovate, 5–8 × 4 mm; veins of lip straight, branches parallel; basal calli conic, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 8 mm. |
mostly ascending, white to cream, slenderly tubular, gaping toward apex; sepals distinct to base, lanceolate, tapering in distal 1/3, 6–10 × 2–3 mm; lateral sepals spreading; petals linear, falcate, 7–9 × 2 mm, apex apiculate or sometimes crenulate; lip yellow centrally, ovate, 6–9 × 4 mm, apical margin laciniate-dentate, crisped; basal calli incurved, long-tapered, to 1 mm; viscidium linear-lanceolate; ovary mostly 5 mm. Seeds monoembryonic. |
Seeds | monoembryonic. |
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2n | = 30. |
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Spiranthes vernalis |
Spiranthes laciniata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jan (Fla)–Oct (north). | Flowering May (Fla)–Sep (north). |
Habitat | Dry to moist meadows, dune hollows, prairies, old fields, roadsides, cemeteries, lawns | Primarily on coastal plain in swamps, marshes, meadows, dry to damp roadsides, ditches, fields, cemeteries, lawns, occasionally in standing water |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | The habit of Spiranthes vernalis is variable: inflorescences range from secund to loosely and even densely coiled, and flower shapes vary as well. The most consistent diagnostic character is the presence in inflorescences of copious articulate, pointed trichomes that readily distinguish S. vernalis from similar species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Spiranthes laciniata is easily distinguished from S. vernalis, which it superficially resembles, by its capitate trichomes. It typically flowers later than S. vernalis where the two are sympatric. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. | FNA vol. 26, p. 534. |
Parent taxa | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes | Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Cranichideae > subtribe Spiranthinae > Spiranthes |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Ibidium vernale | Gyrostachys laciniata, Ibidium laciniatum |
Name authority | Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 236. (1845) | (Small) Ames: Orchidaceae 1: 120. (1905) |
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