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jointed charlock, jointed charlock or radish or wild-radish, wild-radish

Habit Annuals, roots not fleshy; sparsely to densely pubescent.
Stems

usually simple from base, (2–)3–8 dm, (retrorsely hispid).

Basal leaves

petiole 1–6 cm;

blade oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate in outline, lyrate or pinnatifid, sometimes undivided, 3–15(–22) cm × 10–50 mm, margins dentate, apex obtuse or acute;

lobes 1–4 each side, oblong or ovate, to 4 cm × 20 mm (smaller than terminal).

Cauline leaves

(distal) subsessile;

blade often undivided.

Flowers

sepals 7–11 × 1–2 mm, sparsely pubescent;

petals yellow or creamy white (veins dark brown or purple), 15–25 × 4–7 mm, claw to 15 mm;

filaments (slender), 7–12 mm;

anthers 2–2.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate or ascending, 7–25 mm, (straight).

Fruits

cylindrical or narrowly lanceolate;

valvular segment 1–1.5 mm;

terminal segment (1.5–)2–11(–14) cm × (2.5–)3–8(–11) mm, (base rounded), strongly constricted between seeds (usually breaking), strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical;

style 10–50 mm.

Seeds

(reddish brown or dark brown to black), oblong or ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm.

2n

= 18.

Raphanus raphanistrum

Phenology Flowering May–Jul.
Habitat Disturbed waste places, cultivated fields, roadsides, orchards, hill slopes
Elevation 0-800 m (0-2600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Australia]
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Discussion

North American representatives of Raphanus raphanistrum are referable to subsp. raphanistrum. Four other subspecies are restricted to Europe.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 439.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Raphanus
Sibling taxa
R. sativus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 669. (1753)
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