Raphanus raphanistrum |
Raphanus sativus |
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jointed charlock, jointed charlock or radish or wild-radish, wild-radish |
cultivated radish, garden radish, jointed charlock, radish, wild radish |
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Habit | Annuals, roots not fleshy; sparsely to densely pubescent. | Annuals or biennials, roots often fleshy in cultivated forms; often sparsely scabrous or hispid, sometimes glabrous. |
Stems | usually simple from base, (2–)3–8 dm, (retrorsely hispid). |
often simple from base, (1–)4–13 dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole 1–6 cm; blade oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate in outline, lyrate or pinnatifid, sometimes undivided, 3–15(–22) cm × 10–50 mm, margins dentate, apex obtuse or acute; lobes 1–4 each side, oblong or ovate, to 4 cm × 20 mm (smaller than terminal). |
petiole 1–30 cm; blade oblong, obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate in outline, lyrate or pinnatisect, sometimes undivided, 2–60 cm × 10–200 mm, margins dentate, apex obtuse or acute; lobes 1–12 each side, oblong or ovate, to 10 cm × 50 mm. |
Cauline leaves | (distal) subsessile; blade often undivided. |
(distal) subsessile; blade often undivided. |
Flowers | sepals 7–11 × 1–2 mm, sparsely pubescent; petals yellow or creamy white (veins dark brown or purple), 15–25 × 4–7 mm, claw to 15 mm; filaments (slender), 7–12 mm; anthers 2–2.5 mm. |
sepals 5.5–10 × 1–2 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; petals usually purple or pink, sometimes white (veins often darker), 15–25 × 3–8 mm, claw to 14 mm; filaments 5–12 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate or ascending, 7–25 mm, (straight). |
spreading to ascending, 5–40 mm. |
Fruits | cylindrical or narrowly lanceolate; valvular segment 1–1.5 mm; terminal segment (1.5–)2–11(–14) cm × (2.5–)3–8(–11) mm, (base rounded), strongly constricted between seeds (usually breaking), strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical; style 10–50 mm. |
usually fusiform or lanceolate, sometimes ovoid or cylindrical; valvular segment 1–3.5 mm; terminal segment (1–)3–15(–25) cm × (5–)7–13(–15) mm, smooth or, rarely, slightly constricted between seeds, not ribbed, beak narrowly to broadly conical to linear; style 10–40 mm. |
Seeds | (reddish brown or dark brown to black), oblong or ovoid, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.5 mm. |
globose or ovoid, 2.5–4 mm diam. 2n = 18. |
2n | = 18. |
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Raphanus raphanistrum |
Raphanus sativus |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul. | Flowering May–Jul. |
Habitat | Disturbed waste places, cultivated fields, roadsides, orchards, hill slopes | Roadsides, disturbed areas, waste places, cultivated fields, gardens, orchards |
Elevation | 0-800 m (0-2600 ft) | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; SPM; Greenland; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Australia]
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Europe; Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Bermuda, South America, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | North American representatives of Raphanus raphanistrum are referable to subsp. raphanistrum. Four other subspecies are restricted to Europe. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Raphanus sativus is an important crop plant that is cultivated and/or weedy in most temperate regions worldwide. It is unknown as a wild plant, but suggested to be derived from R. raphanistrum subsp. landra, which is endemic to the Mediterranean region (L. J. Lewis-Jones et al. 1982). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 439. | FNA vol. 7, p. 439. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Raphanus | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Raphanus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 669. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 669. (1753) |
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