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silk-grass goldenaster, telegraph weed

Habit Annuals, biennials, or short-lived perennials, 10–250 cm (atypical, spring-blooming, dwarf dune plants have short stems; perennating from proximal stem nodes in south; aromatic); taprooted.
Stems

1–5+, ascending to erect (strict, 0.9–1.7 cm diam., only distal lateral branches developing in larger plants), moderately to densely hispido-strigose, more so proximally, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, more so distally.

Leaves

basal and proximal cauline petiolate (petioles 3–7 cm, bases auriculate-clasping), blades ovate or elliptic to oblong, 50–80 × 20–30 mm, margins flat or somewhat undulate, coarsely serrate to serrulate or entire, proximally long-ciliate, apices acute, faces moderately to densely long-hispido-strigose;

distal sessile, blades oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 20–40 × 20–30 mm, reduced distally, margins often undulate, coarsely serrate.

Peduncles

10–65 mm, sparsely to densely hispido-strigose, densely stipitate-glandular;

bracts 0–3, linear-lanceolate to linear, reduced distally.

Involucres

campanulo-hemispheric, 6–9 mm.

Ray florets

20–40;

laminae 5–8 × 1–2 mm.

Disc florets

30–75;

corollas 4–6 mm, lobes 0.5–0.8 mm.

Phyllaries

in 4–6 series, linear-lanceolate, unequal, margins scarious, faces strigose, densely stipitate-glandular.

Heads

10–110+, in corymbiform arrays, becoming paniculiform with age, branches ascending, usually relatively short compared to plant height.

Cypselae

dimorphic, (ray) 2–5 mm, faces glabrous or slightly strigose on angles, (disc) 4–6 mm, faces moderately to densely strigose;

pappi 0 (ray) or (disc) stramineous to rusty brown, outer bristles 0.4–0.7 mm, inner 6–9 mm, longest weakly clavate.

2n

= 18.

Heterotheca grandiflora

Phenology Flowering Apr–Dec(–Jan).
Habitat Sandy and gravelly soils, dunes, disturbed ground, roadsides, vacant lots, fields
Elevation 0–100(–900) m (0–300(–3000) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT [Introduced in Pacific Islands (Hawaii)]
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Discussion

Heterotheca grandiflora is common in California, rare and probably introduced in Arizona, Nevada, and Utah, and introduced in Hawaii. Rosette plants can bloom in the spring.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 20, p. 235.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Astereae > Heterotheca
Sibling taxa
H. camporum, H. canescens, H. fulcrata, H. jonesii, H. marginata, H. monarchensis, H. oregona, H. pumila, H. rutteri, H. sessiliflora, H. shevockii, H. stenophylla, H. subaxillaris, H. villosa, H. viscida, H. zionensis
Synonyms H. floribunda
Name authority Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 315. (1840)
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