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yellow bird-of-paradise

Habit Shrubs, unarmed, to 3 m.
Stems

glabrous when young becoming short-pilose and capitate-glandular.

Leaves

stipules subpersistent, lanceolate-ovate to deltate or suborbiculate, 3–4 mm, stiff to hard, fringed on margins, apex acuminate to rounded, surfaces pubescent, margins fimbriate-glandular;

petiole 1.5–3 cm, with broad pulvinus at base, pulvinus channeled, glabrous or short-hairy;

rachis 9.5–21.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely red-glandular;

pinnae 8–15 pairs, opposite (proximally) to alternate (distally), also with terminal pinna;

leaflets in 7–11 opposite pairs, blades oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins thickened, apex acute, midvein evident abaxially, surfaces glabrous;

blades with submarginal row of black, punctate glands, these sometimes sparse or absent.

Inflorescences

30–40-flowered, terminal;

axis spreading-pubescent, densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands;

bracts caducous before anthesis, lanceolate-ovate, 18–23 mm, apex acuminate, pubescent with fimbriate-glandular margins.

Pedicels

unarticulate, 20–30 mm, abscising at base only, spreading-pubescent and densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands.

Flowers

calyx lobes 18–25 mm, margins capitate-glandular ciliate, fringed at tip and slightly fringed on outer margin, abaxially short-pilose and capitate-glandular, adaxially glabrous;

petals not clawed, blades glabrous and eglandular;

banner broadly obovate, 22–32 × 17–20 mm, without appendage;

lower laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 12–16 mm;

upper laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 16–18 mm;

filaments crimson, 70–95(–120) mm, pubescent on proximal 1/3;

anthers 3 × 1.5 mm;

ovary densely pubescent and stipitate-glandular;

style crimson, 90–100(–120) mm, pubescent on at least proximal 1/3;

stigma a terminal, funnel-shaped, unfringed chamber.

Legumes

8–10.8 × 1.9–2.1 cm, subligneous, finely pubescent, glandular with stipitate, pixie-cup glands, these wearing off as fruit matures.

Seeds

1–6, 10 × 9 mm.

2n

= 24.

Erythrostemon gilliesii

Phenology Flowering nearly year-round.
Habitat Disturbed areas, flood plains, rocky, thorn-scrub forests.
Elevation 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; South America (Argentina, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Africa, Australia]
Discussion

Erythrostemon gilliesii can create dense stands in forests. The species is cultivated as an ornamental nearly worldwide.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Erythrostemon
Sibling taxa
E. caudatus, E. mexicanus, E. phyllanthoides
Synonyms Poinciana gilliesii, Caesalpinia gilliesii
Name authority (Hooker) Klotzsch in J. H. F. Link et al.: Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 98, plate 39. (1844)
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