Erythrostemon gilliesii |
Erythrostemon caudatus |
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yellow bird-of-paradise |
tail nicker |
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Habit | Shrubs, unarmed, to 3 m. Stems glabrous when young becoming short-pilose and capitate-glandular. | Herbs, unarmed, to 1 m, base woody, from thick, woody rootstock. |
Stems | several, glabrous, sparsely glandular. |
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Leaves | stipules subpersistent, lanceolate-ovate to deltate or suborbiculate, 3–4 mm, stiff to hard, fringed on margins, apex acuminate to rounded, surfaces pubescent, margins fimbriate-glandular; petiole 1.5–3 cm, with broad pulvinus at base, pulvinus channeled, glabrous or short-hairy; rachis 9.5–21.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely red-glandular; pinnae 8–15 pairs, opposite (proximally) to alternate (distally), also with terminal pinna; leaflets in 7–11 opposite pairs, blades oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins thickened, apex acute, midvein evident abaxially, surfaces glabrous; blades with submarginal row of black, punctate glands, these sometimes sparse or absent. |
stipules persistent, suborbiculate, 3 mm, base auriculate, apex rounded, surfaces pubescent, margins ciliate and fimbriate-glandular, scarious; petiole 1.5–3 cm, glabrous, sparsely glandular; rachis 3–5 cm, glabrous, sparsely glandular; pinnae 2–4 pairs, opposite or subopposite, also with terminal pinna distinctly longer than lateral pinnae; leaflets in 3–7 opposite pairs on lateral pinnae, 8–20 pairs on terminal pinna, blades obliquely ovate, terminal blades 1–6 × 0.5–4 mm, median blades 4.5–9 × 3.5–7 mm, fleshy, margins thickened, apex acute, apiculate, main and secondary veins brochidodromous, surfaces glabrous; blades with dark, punctate glands sparsely scattered over abaxial surface or blades eglandular but gland-tipped at apiculate apex, with gland-tipped appendage at base of each petiolule insertion. |
Inflorescences | 30–40-flowered, terminal; axis spreading-pubescent, densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands; bracts caducous before anthesis, lanceolate-ovate, 18–23 mm, apex acuminate, pubescent with fimbriate-glandular margins. |
6–15-flowered, axillary or terminal; axis glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, also sparsely glandular; bracts ovate, 3–4 mm, apex acute, pubescent and sparsely glandular. |
Pedicels | unarticulate, 20–30 mm, abscising at base only, spreading-pubescent and densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands. |
unarticulate, 5–8 mm, crinkled-pubescent with white hairs, sessile- and stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | calyx lobes 18–25 mm, margins capitate-glandular ciliate, fringed at tip and slightly fringed on outer margin, abaxially short-pilose and capitate-glandular, adaxially glabrous; petals not clawed, blades glabrous and eglandular; banner broadly obovate, 22–32 × 17–20 mm, without appendage; lower laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 12–16 mm; upper laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 16–18 mm; filaments crimson, 70–95(–120) mm, pubescent on proximal 1/3; anthers 3 × 1.5 mm; ovary densely pubescent and stipitate-glandular; style crimson, 90–100(–120) mm, pubescent on at least proximal 1/3; stigma a terminal, funnel-shaped, unfringed chamber. |
calyx lobes 7–7.5 mm, lower lobe cucullate, outer surface crinkled-pubescent and glandular (most glands sessile); petals clawed, blades glabrous with pubescent claw margins, outer surfaces densely glandular with sessile, subglobose, mushroom cap-shaped glands; banner broadly ovate, 8 × 8 mm (including 0.5 mm claw); lower laterals oblanceolate, 10.5–12 × 4.5–5 mm (including 1.5 mm claw); upper laterals broadly elliptic, 9–11 × 5.5–6 mm (including 0.5 mm claw); filaments 10–11 mm, densely pubescent on basal 1/3–1/2, sparsely pubescent on distal 1/2–2/3, hairs mostly reflexed; anthers 1.5 × 0.8 mm; ovary densely lanate and densely sessile-glandular basally, or distal 1/2 and margin densely pubescent, basal 1/2 glandular; style 10–11 mm, glabrous; stigma a terminal, tubular or flared, fringed chamber. |
Legumes | 8–10.8 × 1.9–2.1 cm, subligneous, finely pubescent, glandular with stipitate, pixie-cup glands, these wearing off as fruit matures. |
2.4–4.6 × 1–1.6 cm, papery or leathery, sparsely pubescent or glabrescent, sparsely to moderately glandular with short-stalked or sessile glands. |
Seeds | 1–6, 10 × 9 mm. |
(1–)3 or 4. |
2n | = 24. |
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Erythrostemon gilliesii |
Erythrostemon caudatus |
|
Phenology | Flowering nearly year-round. | Flowering nearly year-round. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, flood plains, rocky, thorn-scrub forests. | In orange or red sand, sandy gravel in open areas of mesquite. |
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; South America (Argentina, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Africa, Australia] |
TX; Mexico (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | Erythrostemon gilliesii can create dense stands in forests. The species is cultivated as an ornamental nearly worldwide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythrostemon caudatus is known from southern Texas northward to Dimmit County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Erythrostemon | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Erythrostemon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Poinciana gilliesii, Caesalpinia gilliesii | Hoffmannseggia caudata, Caesalpinia caudata, Schrammia caudata |
Name authority | (Hooker) Klotzsch in J. H. F. Link et al.: Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 98, plate 39. (1844) | (A. Gray) Gagnon & G. P. Lewis: PhytoKeys 71: 120. (2016) |
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