Erythrostemon gilliesii |
Erythrostemon |
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yellow bird-of-paradise |
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Habit | Shrubs, unarmed, to 3 m. Stems glabrous when young becoming short-pilose and capitate-glandular. | Herbs, perennial, shrubs, or trees, armed or unarmed. | ||||||||||||
Stems | spreading, ascending, or erect, glandular or eglandular, glabrous or pubescent. |
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Leaves | stipules subpersistent, lanceolate-ovate to deltate or suborbiculate, 3–4 mm, stiff to hard, fringed on margins, apex acuminate to rounded, surfaces pubescent, margins fimbriate-glandular; petiole 1.5–3 cm, with broad pulvinus at base, pulvinus channeled, glabrous or short-hairy; rachis 9.5–21.5 cm, glabrous or sparsely red-glandular; pinnae 8–15 pairs, opposite (proximally) to alternate (distally), also with terminal pinna; leaflets in 7–11 opposite pairs, blades oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate, 6–11 × 2–3 mm, margins thickened, apex acute, midvein evident abaxially, surfaces glabrous; blades with submarginal row of black, punctate glands, these sometimes sparse or absent. |
alternate, odd-bipinnate; stipules present, caducous or persistent, ovate-lanceolate to orbiculate; petiolate or short-petiolate; pinnae 2–15 pairs, alternate, opposite, or subopposite; stipels present; leaflets 7–23, opposite, blade margins entire, sometimes revolute, surfaces glabrous or pubescent, often glandular-punctate with conspicuous black, sessile glands along margins, these sometimes sunken in sinuses of crenulated margin. |
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Inflorescences | 30–40-flowered, terminal; axis spreading-pubescent, densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands; bracts caducous before anthesis, lanceolate-ovate, 18–23 mm, apex acuminate, pubescent with fimbriate-glandular margins. |
6–40+-flowered, axillary or terminal, racemes; bracts present, persistent or caducous. |
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Pedicels | unarticulate, 20–30 mm, abscising at base only, spreading-pubescent and densely stipitate-glandular with pixie-cup glands. |
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Flowers | calyx lobes 18–25 mm, margins capitate-glandular ciliate, fringed at tip and slightly fringed on outer margin, abaxially short-pilose and capitate-glandular, adaxially glabrous; petals not clawed, blades glabrous and eglandular; banner broadly obovate, 22–32 × 17–20 mm, without appendage; lower laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 12–16 mm; upper laterals broadly obovate, 22–32 × 16–18 mm; filaments crimson, 70–95(–120) mm, pubescent on proximal 1/3; anthers 3 × 1.5 mm; ovary densely pubescent and stipitate-glandular; style crimson, 90–100(–120) mm, pubescent on at least proximal 1/3; stigma a terminal, funnel-shaped, unfringed chamber. |
caesalpinioid, monomorphic, androecium and gynoecium free, not cupped in lower sepal; calyx zygomorphic, persistent, margins fimbriate-glandular, lobes 5; corolla yellow (or orange, red, or white in ornamental plants); stamens 10, distinct; anthers versatile. |
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Fruits | legumes, sessile, flattened, straight or falcate, lanceolate-oblong, elastically dehiscent, subligneous, leathery, glandular or eglandular, pubescent or glabrous. |
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Legumes | 8–10.8 × 1.9–2.1 cm, subligneous, finely pubescent, glandular with stipitate, pixie-cup glands, these wearing off as fruit matures. |
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Seeds | 1–6, 10 × 9 mm. |
(1–)3–6, brown, ovate. |
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x | = 12. |
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2n | = 24. |
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Erythrostemon gilliesii |
Erythrostemon |
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Phenology | Flowering nearly year-round. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Disturbed areas, flood plains, rocky, thorn-scrub forests. | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–1700 m. (0–5600 ft.) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; South America (Argentina, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Africa, Australia] |
w United States; Mexico; Central America; South America; s United States [Introduced in Africa, Australia] |
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Discussion | Erythrostemon gilliesii can create dense stands in forests. The species is cultivated as an ornamental nearly worldwide. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 30 (4 in the flora). In some species of Caesalpinia and allied genera, such as Erythrostemon, stalked glands in the shape of wine glasses have been called pixie-cup glands. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) > Erythrostemon | Fabaceae > subfam. Caesalpinioideae (excluding Mimosoid clade) | ||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Poinciana gilliesii, Caesalpinia gilliesii | Poincianella | ||||||||||||
Name authority | (Hooker) Klotzsch in J. H. F. Link et al.: Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 98, plate 39. (1844) | Klotzsch in J. H. F. Link et al.: Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 97, plate 39. (1844) | ||||||||||||
Web links |