Barbarea orthoceras |
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American winter cress, American wintercress rocket, American yellow-rocket, erect-fruit wintercress, winter cress, yellow rocket |
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Habit | Biennials or perennials; usually glabrous, except blade auricles often ciliate. |
Stems | (1–)2–6(–10) dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole (0.5–)1–7(–15) cm, (rarely ciliate basally); blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid, (1–)1.5–6(–11) cm, lobes (0, 1, or) 2–4 (or 5) on each side, lateral lobes oblong or ovate, 0.2–1 cm × 1–5 mm, not fleshy, margins entire, terminal lobe 1.5–5 cm × 10–25 mm. |
Cauline leaves | blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid (sometimes undivided and margins coarsely toothed or subentire), lateral lobes 1–4, (usually oblong or ovate, rarely lanceolate, to 2 × 1 cm), margins entire, (terminal lobe to 5 × 3 cm, margins usually entire or repand, rarely dentate); conspicuously auriculate, auricles ovate or narrowly oblong, (to 8 × 5 mm, margins entire). |
Flowers | sepals 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally, margins scarious, (subapically sparsely pubescent or glabrous); petals yellow or pale yellow, oblanceolate, 5–7(–8) × (1.5–)2–3 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded; filaments 3–4.5 mm; anthers 1 mm; ovules (24–)26–36 per ovary; gynophore to 0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect or ascending, (2–)3–6(–7) mm, terete or subquadrangular, stout, (narrower than fruit). |
Fruits | erect to erect-ascending, rarely appressed to rachis, torulose, terete to subquadrangular, (2.5–)3.1–4(–4.5) cm × 1.5–2 mm; style stout, 0.5–1.2(–2) mm. |
Seeds | brown, somewhat plump, ovoid or oblong, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1 mm. |
2n | = 16. |
Barbarea orthoceras |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. |
Habitat | Open grassland, sandbars, scree, alpine meadows, ledges, rocky cliffs, forests, streamsides, railroad embankment, boggy ground, gravel pits, moist grassy slopes |
Elevation | 0-3400 m (0-11200 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; e Asia; c Asia
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Discussion | M. L. Fernald (1909) reported the southwestern Asian Barbarea plantaginea de Candolle from Alaska, but it is certain that his records were based on plants of B. orthoceras, which is rather rare in New England, where it appears to be restricted to portions of northern Maine and New Hampshire. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 462. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Barbarea |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | B. americana, B. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa, Campe orthoceras |
Name authority | Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 2. (1824) |
Web links |
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