Barbarea orthoceras |
Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae |
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American winter cress, American wintercress rocket, American yellow-rocket, erect-fruit wintercress, winter cress, yellow rocket |
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Habit | Biennials or perennials; usually glabrous, except blade auricles often ciliate. | Annuals, biennials, or perennials; eglandular. |
Stems | (1–)2–6(–10) dm. |
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Basal leaves | petiole (0.5–)1–7(–15) cm, (rarely ciliate basally); blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid, (1–)1.5–6(–11) cm, lobes (0, 1, or) 2–4 (or 5) on each side, lateral lobes oblong or ovate, 0.2–1 cm × 1–5 mm, not fleshy, margins entire, terminal lobe 1.5–5 cm × 10–25 mm. |
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Cauline leaves | blade usually lyrate-pinnatifid (sometimes undivided and margins coarsely toothed or subentire), lateral lobes 1–4, (usually oblong or ovate, rarely lanceolate, to 2 × 1 cm), margins entire, (terminal lobe to 5 × 3 cm, margins usually entire or repand, rarely dentate); conspicuously auriculate, auricles ovate or narrowly oblong, (to 8 × 5 mm, margins entire). |
(rarely absent), usually petiolate, sometimes sessile; blade (simple or compound), base auriculate or not, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed. |
Racemes | usually ebracteate (Selenia bracteate throughout), often elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate basally, margins scarious, (subapically sparsely pubescent or glabrous); petals yellow or pale yellow, oblanceolate, 5–7(–8) × (1.5–)2–3 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded; filaments 3–4.5 mm; anthers 1 mm; ovules (24–)26–36 per ovary; gynophore to 0.5 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals erect to spreading or ascending, lateral pair seldom saccate basally; petals white, yellow, pink, lilac, or purple, claw usually present, rarely absent, often distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | erect or ascending, (2–)3–6(–7) mm, terete or subquadrangular, stout, (narrower than fruit). |
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Fruits | erect to erect-ascending, rarely appressed to rachis, torulose, terete to subquadrangular, (2.5–)3.1–4(–4.5) cm × 1.5–2 mm; style stout, 0.5–1.2(–2) mm. |
silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate, rarely angustiseptate; ovules 4–300[–numerous] per ovary; style distinct or obsolete (absent in Subularia); stigma usually entire. |
Seeds | brown, somewhat plump, ovoid or oblong, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1 mm. |
biseriate or uniseriate; cotyledons usually accumbent, sometimes incumbent. |
Trichomes | absent or simple. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Barbarea orthoceras |
Brassicaceae tribe Cardamineae |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |
Habitat | Open grassland, sandbars, scree, alpine meadows, ledges, rocky cliffs, forests, streamsides, railroad embankment, boggy ground, gravel pits, moist grassy slopes | |
Elevation | 0-3400 m (0-11200 ft) | |
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; NH; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; e Asia; c Asia
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Nearly worldwide |
Discussion | M. L. Fernald (1909) reported the southwestern Asian Barbarea plantaginea de Candolle from Alaska, but it is certain that his records were based on plants of B. orthoceras, which is rather rare in New England, where it appears to be restricted to portions of northern Maine and New Hampshire. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 12, species ca. 335 (10 genera, 85 species in the flora). The assignment of Subularia to Cardamineae is provisional and based solely on morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 462. | FNA vol. 7, p. 458. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Cardamineae > Barbarea | Brassicaceae |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | B. americana, B. orthoceras var. dolichocarpa, Campe orthoceras | |
Name authority | Ledebour: Index Seminum (Dorpat) 2. (1824) | Dumortier: Fl. Belg., 124. (1827) |
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