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Carolina fimbry

Habit Plants perennial, to 150(–200) cm, cespitose or not; rhizomes scaly, slender, elongate.
Culms

wand-like, at least 50 cm.

Leaves

nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms, sheath margins ciliolate at junction with blade, backs smooth to pubescent;

ligule present, usually complete;

blades linear, 2–5 mm wide, flat to involute, margins scabridulous, surfaces mostly glabrous.

Inflorescences

anthelae compound, dense or diffuse, mostly longer than broad;

scapes wandlike, broadly linear, distally usually compressed, marginal ribs scabrid distally;

longest primary involucral bract exceeding or shorter than anthela.

Spikelets

pale brown or red-brown, broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 5–15 mm;

fertile scales ovate, 3–4 mm, apex rounded, often puberulent distally, midrib excurrent as scabrid mucro or short cusp.

Flowers

stamens 3;

styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriolate.

Achenes

pale to deep brown, lenticular-obovoid, 1 mm, finely but definitely cancellate with 14–15 horizontally oriented lattices per side.

2n

= 20, 30, 60.

Fimbristylis caroliniana

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Sands or sandy peats of slightly brackish to circumneutral marsh, interdunal swales and low sandy areas near coast
Elevation 0–100 m (0–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The tallest, coarsest plants of Fimbristylis caroliniana, formerly referred to as F. harperi Britton ex Small, are the most clonal of North American Fimbristyloids, some clones literally covering acres of sandy swale or beach.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 123.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis
Sibling taxa
F. annua, F. autumnalis, F. brevivaginata, F. castanea, F. cymosa, F. decipiens, F. dichotoma, F. miliacea, F. perpusilla, F. puberula, F. schoenoides, F. squarrosa, F. thermalis, F. tomentosa, F. vahlii
Synonyms Scirpus carolinianus, F. harperi
Name authority (Lamarck) Fernald: Rhodora 42: 246. (1940)
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