Fimbristylis caroliniana |
Fimbristylis perpusilla |
|
---|---|---|
Carolina fimbry |
Harper's fimbry |
|
Habit | Plants perennial, to 150(–200) cm, cespitose or not; rhizomes scaly, slender, elongate. | Plants annual, delicate, cespitose, slender, 2–15 cm; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | wand-like, at least 50 cm. |
|
Leaves | nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms, sheath margins ciliolate at junction with blade, backs smooth to pubescent; ligule present, usually complete; blades linear, 2–5 mm wide, flat to involute, margins scabridulous, surfaces mostly glabrous. |
polystichous, spreading to ascending, mostly excurved, exceeding or exceeded by culms; sheaths entire, backs glabrous; ligule absent; blades setaceous-filiform, to 0.5 mm wide, flat to involute, sparsely scabrid-ciliate. |
Inflorescences | anthelae compound, dense or diffuse, mostly longer than broad; scapes wandlike, broadly linear, distally usually compressed, marginal ribs scabrid distally; longest primary involucral bract exceeding or shorter than anthela. |
anthelae mostly simple, open, nearly as broad as long, ascending-branching, umbelliform, of 3–10 cormose spikelets; scapes filiform, 0.5–0.6 mm thick; proximalmost involucral bracts setaceous-bladed, exceeding anthela. |
Spikelets | pale brown or red-brown, broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 5–15 mm; fertile scales ovate, 3–4 mm, apex rounded, often puberulent distally, midrib excurrent as scabrid mucro or short cusp. |
pale green to light brown, ovoid to globose or short-cylindric, 2–5 mm; fertile scales lance-linear to oblong-linear, 1.5 mm, glabrous, midrib strongly excurrent, erect to excurved cusp. |
Flowers | stamens 3; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriolate. |
stamens 1; styles 2-fid, slender, glabrous. |
Achenes | pale to deep brown, lenticular-obovoid, 1 mm, finely but definitely cancellate with 14–15 horizontally oriented lattices per side. |
pale brown with iridescent tints, curved-cylindric, 0.4–0.6 mm, finely reticulate, in 12 vertical rows of narrowly rectangular, horizontal cells. |
2n | = 20, 30, 60. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis caroliniana |
Fimbristylis perpusilla |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sands or sandy peats of slightly brackish to circumneutral marsh, interdunal swales and low sandy areas near coast | Fluctuating sandy-silty shores of shallow ponds, pine savanna pools, reservoirs, ditches, and canals |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–100(–200) m (0–300(–700) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies
|
DE; GA; MD; NC; SC; TN; VA |
Discussion | The tallest, coarsest plants of Fimbristylis caroliniana, formerly referred to as F. harperi Britton ex Small, are the most clonal of North American Fimbristyloids, some clones literally covering acres of sandy swale or beach. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. The nearest relative of this ephemeral is Fimbristylis dipsacea, a similarly diminutive Eurasian and South American annual with broader, more spreadingcusped spikelets and oddly compound-papillate fruit. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 123. | FNA vol. 23, p. 128. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus carolinianus, F. harperi | |
Name authority | (Lamarck) Fernald: Rhodora 42: 246. (1940) | R. M. Harper ex Small & Britton: in J. K. Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 188, 1327. (1903) |
Web links |