Fimbristylis caroliniana |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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Carolina fimbry |
fimbristyle d'automme, slender fimbry |
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Habit | Plants perennial, to 150(–200) cm, cespitose or not; rhizomes scaly, slender, elongate. | Plants annual, cespitose, 5–20(–30) cm, glabrous, plant base soft; rhizomes absent. |
Culms | wand-like, at least 50 cm. |
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Leaves | nearly distichous, spreading to ascending, 1/2 length of culms, sheath margins ciliolate at junction with blade, backs smooth to pubescent; ligule present, usually complete; blades linear, 2–5 mm wide, flat to involute, margins scabridulous, surfaces mostly glabrous. |
distichous, shorter or longer than culms; sheaths keeled, entire or distally ciliate; ligule of short hairs complete; blades narrowly linear, 1–3 mm wide, flat, margin scabrid-ciliate. |
Inflorescence(s) | anthelae compound, dense or diffuse, mostly longer than broad; scapes wandlike, broadly linear, distally usually compressed, marginal ribs scabrid distally; longest primary involucral bract exceeding or shorter than anthela. |
anthelae compound, mostly diffuse, mostly turbinate, as broad as long, ascending-branching; scapes filiform to linear, distally variously compressed, sometimes alate, 0.5–1.5(–2) mm wide, edges scabrid; primary involucral bract usually 1, blade exceeding or exceeded by anthela. |
Spikelets | pale brown or red-brown, broadly ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 5–15 mm; fertile scales ovate, 3–4 mm, apex rounded, often puberulent distally, midrib excurrent as scabrid mucro or short cusp. |
red-brown or brown, mostly narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3–7 mm; fertile scales lanceolate, keeled, 1.5–2 mm, narrowly acute, glabrous, midrib excurrent as mucro. |
Flowers | stamens 3; styles 2-fid, flat, fimbriolate. |
stamens (1–)2; styles 3-fid, slender, with 3angled base, glabrous. |
Achenes | pale to deep brown, lenticular-obovoid, 1 mm, finely but definitely cancellate with 14–15 horizontally oriented lattices per side. |
pale brown, trigonous-obovoid, 0.5–0.7 mm, apiculate and 3-ribbed, smooth to variably warty. |
2n | = 20, 30, 60. |
= 10. |
Fimbristylis caroliniana |
Fimbristylis autumnalis |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer–fall, all year southward. |
Habitat | Sands or sandy peats of slightly brackish to circumneutral marsh, interdunal swales and low sandy areas near coast | Moist to wet sands, peats, silts, or clays, primarily of disturbed, sunny ground such as seeps, ditches, savanna, stream banks, reservoir drawdowns, and pond shores |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–500(–1000) m (0–1600(–3300) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; West Indies
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; ON; QC
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Discussion | The tallest, coarsest plants of Fimbristylis caroliniana, formerly referred to as F. harperi Britton ex Small, are the most clonal of North American Fimbristyloids, some clones literally covering acres of sandy swale or beach. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 123. | FNA vol. 23, p. 130. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis | Cyperaceae > Fimbristylis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus carolinianus, F. harperi | Scirpus autumnalis, F. autumnalis var. mucronulata, F. frankii, Scirpus michauxii, Scirpus mucronulatus, Trichelostylis geminata, Trichelostylis mucronulata |
Name authority | (Lamarck) Fernald: Rhodora 42: 246. (1940) | (Linnaeus) Roemer & Schultes: in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 2: 97. (1817) |
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