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meadow garlic, wild onion

Bulbs

1–4+, without rhizome, with or without basal bulbels, often clustered, ovoid, 1–2.5 × 0.6–3 cm;

outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brownish or grayish, reticulate, cells fine-meshed, open, fibrous;

inner coats whitish, cells vertically elongate, sometimes contorted, walls straight or ± sinuous.

Leaves

persistent, green at anthesis, 2–6, basally sheathing, sheaths extending less than 1/4 scape;

blade solid, flat, channeled, not carinate, 20–50 cm × 1–7 mm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute to obtuse.

Scape

persistent, usually solitary, erect, terete, 10–60 cm × 1–5 mm.

Umbel

persistent, erect, loose, 0–60-flowered, hemispheric to globose, bulbils unknown or flowering pedicels replaced at least in part by bulbils;

spathe bracts persistent, 3–4, 3–7-veined, ovate to lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate, beakless.

Flowers

urceolate-campanulate, 4–8 mm;

tepals erect or spreading, white to pink or lavender, lanceolate to elliptic, ± equal, withering in fruit and exposing capsule, midribs somewhat thickened, margins entire, apex obtuse to acute;

stamens included;

anthers yellow;

pollen yellow;

ovary, when present, crestless;

style linear, ± equaling stamens;

stigma capitate, unlobed or obscurely 3-lobed;

pedicel 8–70 mm.

Seed

coat shining;

cells each with minute, central papilla.

Allium canadense

Distribution
from USDA
North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 6 (6 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowering pedicels mostly or entirely replaced by bulbils, rarely producing capsules or seeds.
var. canadense
1. Flowering pedicels all floriferous, bulbils almost unknown, producing capsules and seeds.
→ 2
2. Tepals usually white.
var. fraseri
2. Tepals pinkish to lilac.
→ 3
3. Pedicels filiform; scape 10–30(–50) cm.
var. mobilense
3. Pedicels stouter, not filiform; scape 10–60 cm.
→ 4
4. Umbels 5–25-flowered; pedicels 3–4 times flowers; tepals thick.
var. ecristatum
4. Umbels usually more than 25-flowered; pedicels 2–5 times flowers; tepals thin.
→ 5
5. Flowers fragrant; scape 15–30 cm; nc Texas to s Oklahoma.
var. hyacinthoides
5. Flowers odorless; scape 20–60 cm; n Oklahoma to n Arkansas, northward.
var. lavendulare
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 235.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Allium
Sibling taxa
A. aaseae, A. abramsii, A. acuminatum, A. ampeloprasum, A. amplectens, A. anceps, A. atrorubens, A. bigelovii, A. bisceptrum, A. bolanderi, A. brandegeei, A. brevistylum, A. burlewii, A. campanulatum, A. cepa, A. cernuum, A. columbianum, A. constrictum, A. coryi, A. cratericola, A. crenulatum, A. crispum, A. cuthbertii, A. denticulatum, A. diabolense, A. dichlamydeum, A. dictuon, A. douglasii, A. drummondii, A. elmendorfii, A. falcifolium, A. fibrillum, A. fimbriatum, A. fistulosum, A. geyeri, A. gooddingii, A. haematochiton, A. hickmanii, A. hoffmanii, A. howellii, A. hyalinum, A. jepsonii, A. kunthii, A. lacunosum, A. lemmonii, A. macropetalum, A. macrum, A. madidum, A. membranaceum, A. monticola, A. munzii, A. neapolitanum, A. nevadense, A. nevii, A. nigrum, A. obtusum, A. oleraceum, A. paniculatum, A. parishii, A. parryi, A. parvum, A. passeyi, A. peninsulare, A. perdulce, A. platycaule, A. plummerae, A. praecox, A. punctum, A. rhizomatum, A. robinsonii, A. rotundum, A. runyonii, A. sanbornii, A. sativum, A. schoenoprasum, A. scilloides, A. serra, A. sharsmithiae, A. shevockii, A. simillimum, A. siskiyouense, A. speculae, A. stellatum, A. textile, A. tolmiei, A. tribracteatum, A. tricoccum, A. triquetrum, A. tuberosum, A. tuolumnense, A. unifolium, A. validum, A. victorialis, A. vineale, A. yosemitense
Subordinate taxa
A. canadense var. canadense, A. canadense var. ecristatum, A. canadense var. fraseri, A. canadense var. hyacinthoides, A. canadense var. lavendulare, A. canadense var. mobilense
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1195. (1753)
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