Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus fremontii |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grass-leaf death-camas, meadow death-camas |
Fremont's death camas |
|||||
Habit | Plants 2–7 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. | Plants 1–8 dm, from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–40 × 5–40 mm. | ||||
Leaves | proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. |
proximal blades 5–50 cm × 2–30 mm. |
||||
Inflorescences | racemose or paniculate with 1 or 2 basal branches, 10–50-flowered, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–20 × 2–5 cm, branches (if any) 1/10–1/3 length of entire inflorescence, diverging from main axis at 10°–60° when in fruit. |
racemose or paniculate, 2–80-flowered, broad, proximal branches 1/3–1/2 as long as entire inflorescence, spreading at 60°–90° angle. |
||||
Flowers | perianth hypogynous, campanulate, 5–10 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, outer often clawed, apex usually acute; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident to obscure, irregular; filaments straight, usually equaling tepals, occasionally longer, thickened proximally; pedicel usually ascending in fruit, occasionally perpendicular to stem, 3–25 mm, bracts usually green, sometimes white, 5–25 mm. |
perianth hypogynous, rotate, 15–25 mm diam.; tepals persistent in fruit, cream colored, 5–15 × 2–6 mm, outer very short clawed, inner distinctly clawed 2 mm; gland 1, obovate, distal margins evident, dentate; filaments straight, shorter than tepals, thickened proximally; pedicel ascending in flower to perpendicular to stem in fruit, 10–50 mm, bracts green, somewhat falcate, 5–50 mm. |
||||
Capsules | 8–20 × 4–7 mm. |
8–30 × 4–11 mm. |
||||
2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
||||
Zigadenus venenosus |
Zigadenus fremontii |
|||||
Phenology | Flowering Feb–Jun. | |||||
Habitat | Coastal and inland, central valley grassland chaparral, mixed evergreen forests | |||||
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
w North America
|
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
|
||||
Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Zigadenus venenosus is a smaller, more slender plant than either Z. paniculatus or Z. fontanus. It can be distinguished from Z. micranthus by its ascending pedicels. It has a much broader distribution than either Z. micranthus or Z. fontanus, and does not occur on serpentine substrates. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|||||
Key |
|
|||||
Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 84. | FNA vol. 26, p. 85. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | Liliaceae > Zigadenus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Toxicoscordion venenosum | Anticlea fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii, Toxicoscordion fremontii var. minor, Z. fremontii var. inezianus, Z. fremontii var. salsus | ||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 14: 279. (1879) | (Torrey) Torrey ex S. Watson: Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 343. (1871) | ||||
Web links |