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meadow death camas, poison camas

Fremont's death camas, Fremont's star lily

Habit Plants 20–70 cm tall. Plants (10)40–90 cm tall.
Bulbs

not clumped, tunicate, widely ovate, 10–30 × 8–20 mm; outer layer brown.

not clumped; ovoid to spherical, 1–4 × 0.5–4 cm; outer layer black.

Stems

glabrous.

glabrous.

Leaves

12–50 cm × 2–10 mm.

(5)20–50 cm × (2)5–30 mm.

Inflorescences

generally racemes, occasionally panicles, 10–50-flowered, 2–20 × 2–5 cm;

branches less than 33% length of entire inflorescence; at 10–60° from main axis when fruiting;

bracts 5–25 mm long, white to green;

pedicels 3–25 mm.

panicles or racemes; open, 2–80-flowered, 5–40 cm;

proximal branches 33–50% length of inflorescence, spreading at 60–90° from main axis;

bracts 5–50 mm long, green;

pedicels 10–50 mm.

Flowers

bisexual, campanulate 5–10 mm in diameter;

tepals ovate to obtuse, 2–6 × 1–3 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit;

gland greenish yellow.

bisexual, 15–25 mm in diameter;

tepals widely ovate to obtuse, 5–15 × 2–6 mm; outer and inner tepals clawed, persistent in fruit;

gland yellow.

Fruits

cylindrical 8–14 × 4–5 mm.

cylindrical; (8)10–35 × 4–11 mm.

2n

=22.

=22.

Toxicoscordion venenosum

Toxicoscordion fremontii

Distribution
[WildflowerSearch map]
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Moist meadows to dry rocky hillsides. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–2600m. All ecoregions except Est. CA, ID, NV, WA; north to British Columbia, east to UT. Native.

Grassy or wooded slopes, outcrops. Flowering Apr–Jul. 0–500m. CR, Est, Sisk. CA; south to northern Baja California. Native.

Source Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 314
Tamra Prior
Flora of Oregon, volume 1, page 313
Tamra Prior
Sibling taxa
T. exaltatum, T. fremontii, T. micranthum, T. paniculatum, T. venenosum
T. exaltatum, T. fremontii, T. micranthum, T. paniculatum, T. venenosum
Synonyms Toxicoscordion venenosum var. gramineum, Zigadenus venenosus, Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum, Zigadenus venenosus var. gramineus, Zigadenus venenosus var. venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus, Zygadenus venenosus var. venenosus Zigadenus fremontii
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