Viola selkirkii |
Viola sempervirens |
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great-spur or long-spur or Selkirk's violet, great-spur violet, Selkirk's violet, violette de Selkirk |
evergreen violet, redwood violet, redwoods violet, trailing yellow violet, violette toujours verte |
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Habit | Plants perennial, acaulescent, not stoloniferous, 4–15 cm; rhizome slender, not fleshy. | Plants perennial, caulescent, stoloniferous, 10–30 cm; stolons green or reddish, leafy, sometimes rooting at nodes, becoming lignified in age. |
Stems | 1–5, prostrate, spreading, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, from current and/or previous year’s growth, on usually vertical, fleshy rhizome, rooting and forming rosettes at or near tip; rooted rosettes often develop into an erect, fleshy caudex from which new stems are produced. |
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Leaves | basal, 2–12, prostrate to ascending; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1.5–7 cm, not winged, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, usually ovate, rarely orbiculate, 1–5 × 1–5 cm, base cordate, margins crenate to crenulate or serrate, eciliate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces glabrous or sometimes pubescent abaxially, strigose adaxially. |
evergreen, basal and cauline; basal: 1–6(–10); stipules deltate to ovate or linear-lanceolate, margins entire or glandular-toothed, apex acute to long-acuminate; petiole 2–16 cm, glabrous; blade often purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, orbiculate to ovate, 1–4.5 × 2–3.9 cm, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate, eciliate, apex blunt to obtuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous or with scattered bristles on one or both surfaces; cauline similar to basal except: stipules deltate to lanceolate, margins entire or sparingly toothed; petiole 0.3–3 cm; blade 1.2–2.2 × 1.2–2 cm. |
Peduncles | 3–6 cm, glabrous or pubescent. |
5–10 cm, glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals light violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally and dark violet-veined, lateral 2 beardless, lowest 8–13 mm, spur pale to dark violet, elongated, 4–7 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on prostrate to ascending peduncles. |
sepals lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lemon-yellow on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–17 mm, spur yellow or whitish, gibbous, 1–2.5 mm; style head bearded; cleistogamous flowers axillary. |
Capsules | ovoid to ellipsoid, 4–8 mm, glabrous. |
mottled with purple, spherical to ovoid, 5–8 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | brown, 1–2 mm. |
brown, tinged purple, 2–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24, 48. |
Viola selkirkii |
Viola sempervirens |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun. | Flowering Jan–Jul. |
Habitat | Wet to moist places, thickets, mixed or coniferous woods | Redwood forests, other coastal forests, Douglas fir, other coniferous forests |
Elevation | 200–3000 m (700–9800 ft) | 30–1400 m (100–4600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; MA; ME; MI; MN; NH; NY; PA; SD; VT; WA; WI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland; Eurasia
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AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Viola selkirkii occurs on the southwestern coast of Greenland, north to 63ºN (L. Brouillet, pers. comm.). Presence of V. selkirkii in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut is considered doubtful (L. Brouillet et al., http://canadensys.net/vascan). K. W. Allred (2008) said that V. selkirkii was considered by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980) to be expected in New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In California, Viola sempervirens occurs in shaded redwood forests and other coastal forest habitats. In Oregon and Washington, it occurs in Douglas fir and other coniferous forests, where it can form mats (clones) one meter or more in diameter; its prostrate, spreading growth habit is similar to V. walteri. The leafy stems of V. sempervirens are similar to the leafy stolons of V. odorata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. | FNA vol. 6, p. 157. |
Parent taxa | Violaceae > Viola | Violaceae > Viola |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | V. sarmentosa, V. sempervirens subsp. orbiculoides | |
Name authority | Pursh ex Goldie: Edinburgh Philos. J. 6: 324. (1822) | Greene: Pittonia 4: 8. (1899) |
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