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common vetch, garden vetch, spring vetch, tare

American vetch, bird vetch, cat peas, cow vetch, tinegrass, tuft vetch

Habit Herbs annual. Herbs perennial.
Stems

erect-ascending or climbing, slender to robust, 3–10 dm.

sprawling or climbing, slender to robust, to 20 dm.

Leaves

3–8 cm;

tendrils simple or branched;

stipules foliose, approaching leaflets in size, semisagittate, with nectariferous patch abaxially;

leaflets 8–14, blades ovate-oblong, narrowly elliptic, or linear [obovate], 15–30 × 5–15 mm, apex obtuse to truncate-emarginate, distinctly apiculate, surfaces hirsute.

2–8 cm;

tendrils usually branched;

stipules foliose, semisagittate, without nectariferous patch;

leaflets 10–28, blades narrowly oblong or elliptic to linear, 10–25 × 2–8 mm, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrate to pilose.

Inflorescences

usually (1 or)2(–4)-flowered, 0–1 cm.

10–50-flowered, 4–20 cm, equal to or longer than subtending leaf rachis.

Flowers

10–30 mm;

calyx base symmetric, lobes subequal, ± equal to tube;

corolla violet-purple, lavender, or whitish, banner stenonychioid, blade shorter than or equal to claw, glabrous;

style compressed abaxially, pubescent apically, tufted abaxially.

8–16 mm;

calyx base symmetric to slightly gibbous, lobes unequal, pilose, lateral ones equal to tube;

corolla usually blue-violet or purple, sometimes lilac or whitish, banner pandurate, blade equal to or longer than claw, glabrous;

style compressed adaxially, pubescent apically.

Legumes

yellow to brown, or reddish brown to black, linear, 25–60 × 3–11 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous or pubescent;

stipe absent.

tawny, broadly oblong, 15–30 × 6–8 mm, oblique-tipped, glabrous;

stipe to 1.5 mm.

Seeds

4–12, usually greenish gray to maroon or black, rarely yellowish white, globose or ± compressed, 3–5 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/6–1/5 circumference of seed.

4–8, dark grayish to purplish brown, sometimes mottled purple, globose to ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5–4 mm diam.;

hilum encircling 1/5–1/3 circumference of seed.

2n

= 12, 14, 21, 22, 28.

Vicia sativa

Vicia cracca

Distribution
from USDA
Europe; w Asia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, South America, elsewhere in Asia, Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Eurasia [Introduced in South America, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 7 (2 in the flora).

D. Zohary and U. Plitmann (1979) provided a detailed description of the morphological and genetic variation found within the Vicia sativa complex. Of the seven infraspecific taxa they described, two (vars. angustifolia and sativa) are cultivated as forage crops and widely introduced in the flora area. Variety angustifolia is an aggressive colonizer of cultivated and disturbed habitats.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties ca. 5 (2 in the flora).

Vicia cracca is part of a European species complex (P. W. Ball 1968) and may or may not be native to North America (F. J. Hermann 1960); it is distinguished from the similar V. villosa by a symmetric calyx base and banner blade length equal to claw.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Flowers 18–30 mm; calyx lobes usually equal to tube; legumes yellow to brown, pubescent.
var. sativa
1. Flowers 10–18(–20) mm; calyx lobes usually slightly shorter than tube; legumes reddish brown to black, glabrous.
var. angustifolia
1. Leaflet blades elliptic to oblong; inflorescences 20–50-flowered, 1–1.5 times length of subtending leaf rachis; flowers 8–12 mm, banner blades ca. equal to claw.
var. cracca
1. Leaflet blades linear; inflorescences 10–25-flowered, to 2 times length of subtending leaf rachis; flowers 12–16 mm, banner blade 2 times length of claw.
var. angustissima
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Vicia
Sibling taxa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. cracca, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
V. acutifolia, V. americana, V. benghalensis, V. caroliniana, V. disperma, V. faba, V. floridana, V. grandiflora, V. hassei, V. hirsuta, V. lathyroides, V. leucophaea, V. ludoviciana, V. lutea, V. minutiflora, V. narbonensis, V. nigricans, V. ocalensis, V. pannonica, V. pulchella, V. sativa, V. sepium, V. tetrasperma, V. villosa
Subordinate taxa
V. sativa var. angustifolia, V. sativa var. sativa
V. cracca var. angustissima, V. cracca var. cracca
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 736. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 735. (1753)
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