Urtica urens |
Urtica chamaedryoides |
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annual nettle, annual stinging nettle, burning nettle, dog nettle, dwarf nettle, small nettle |
heartleaf nettle, slim stingingnettle |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, with taproot, 1-8 dm. | Herbs, annual, with taproot, 1.5-8 dm. |
Stems | simple or branched, erect. |
usually branched from base, erect or reclining. |
Leaf | blades elliptic to broadly elliptic, widest near middle, 1.8-9 × 1.2-4.5 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate, serrations often with lateral lobes, apex acute; cystoliths rounded. |
blades narrowly ovate to orbiculate, distal blades sometimes lanceolate, 2-8 × 1-6 cm, base nearly cordate to rounded, sometimes cuneate in distal leaves, margins serrate, apex rounded to acute; cystoliths rounded or ± elongate. |
Inflorescences | spikelike or paniculate. |
± globose cymes. |
Flowers | unisexual, staminate and pistillate in same inflorescence, subsessile to short-pedunculate. |
unisexual, staminate and pistillate intermixed in same inflorescence, sessile to short-pedunculate. |
Pistillate flowers | outer tepals ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm, inner tepals broadly ovate, 0.6-0.9 × 1.2-1.4 mm. |
outer tepals linear, 0.4-0.8 mm, inner tepals ovate, 1.4-2 × 1-1.4 mm. |
Achenes | ovoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1.1-1.3 mm. |
ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 1.2-1.4(-1.6) × 0.8-1 mm. |
2n | = 24, 26. |
= 26. |
Urtica urens |
Urtica chamaedryoides |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering all year except early winter. |
Habitat | Waste places, roadsides, pastures, barnyards, cultivated fields, rich woodlands | Rich, wooded slopes, bluffs, stream banks, swamps, waste places, and fields, often on limestone or nearly neutral soils |
Elevation | 0-700 m (0-2300 ft) | 0-600 m (0-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AZ; CA; CT; FL; IA; IL; MA; ME; MI; MO; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; TX; VT; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OH; OK; SC; TN; TX; n Mexico
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Discussion | Within the flora, Urtica urens is most abundant in California and in eastern Canada. The Shuswap used it medicinally for sweatbaths and for pain from rheumatism (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Urticaceae > Urtica | Urticaceae > Urtica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | U. chamaedryoides var. runyonii | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 984. (1753) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 113. (1814) |
Web links |
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