Thermopsis |
Thermopsis fraxinifolia |
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buck-bean, false-lupine, golden-banner, golden-pea, thermopsis |
ashleaf goldenbanner |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, unarmed, usually rhizomatous. | Herbs delicate, 5–10 dm, glabrate to sparsely puberulent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, ascending, or spreading, glabrate to pubescent. |
slender, erect, clustered, many-branched, from single, woody rootstock; branches spreading at 45–80º, strongly zigzag. |
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Leaves | alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules present, usually persistent, ± foliaceous, dimorphic, proximalmost amplexicaul, scarious, and not blade-bearing, distal ones smaller and narrower, subtending leaves; petiolate; leaflets 3, stipels absent, subpetiolulate, blade margins entire, not glandular-punctate, surfaces glabrous or pubescent. |
stipules sometimes persistent, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–3.5 × 0.3–0.8 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate; petiole 1.6–3 cm; leaflet blades elliptic, 4.5–8 × 2–3.5 cm, lateral veins 9–12 pairs, conspicuously net-veined abaxially, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely puberulent. |
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Racemes | terminal or lateral, scattered, 12–25 cm; flowers 7–25-flowered. |
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Inflorescences | 5–90-flowered, usually terminal, sometimes lateral, racemes; bracts present, deciduous or persistent, apex acute to acuminate; bracteoles absent. |
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Peduncles | 2.5–5.5 cm; bracts persistent, lanceolate, 8–12 × 1–3 mm. |
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Pedicels | 7–17 mm, glabrate. |
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Flowers | papilionaceous; calyx campanulate, lobes 5, appearing 4-lobed, subequal, abaxial lobes deltate to lanceolate, adaxial lobe double, broader, slightly longer, apex truncate to emarginate; corolla yellow, banner widely ovate, shorter than wing and keel petals, apex usually cleft, sometimes emarginate or short-mucronate, claw cuneate to oblong, replicate to reflexed, wings not adnate to keel, often asymmetric, auriculate, ± length of keel, claw narrowly oblong, keel petals usually asymmetric, auriculate, posteriorly fused, without beak, claw narrowly oblong; stamens 10, distinct, uniform; anthers dorsifixed; ovary short-stipitate, oblong, usually longer than style, pubescent, velutinous, villous, or tomentose [villosulous]; style glabrous; stigma minute. |
1.6–1.9 cm; calyx 7–9 × 4–5 mm at limb, lobes 2–3 mm, much shorter than tube; wing petals elliptic to asymmetrically oblong-elliptic, keel petals asymmetrically oblong-elliptic; ovary appressed-pubescent; ovules (6–)12–16. |
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Fruits | legumes, persistent, stipitate, stipe 2–4 mm, erect, ascending, or divergent, tan to brown, laterally compressed, straight, arcuate, or, rarely, annular, narrowly elliptic, margins straight, or sinuate or lomentaceous from ovule abortion, papery, not elastic, slowly dehiscent, valves separating from apex through both sutures, sericeous, tomentose, velutinous, villous, glabrate, villosulous, or pubescent. |
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Legumes | irregularly divergent, straight, (3–)5.5–7.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm, inconspicuously appressed-pubescent. |
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Seeds | 1–16, oblong, elliptic, or reniform; often with minute, membranous rim-aril. |
(5–)10–15, brown, reniform, 4 × 2.5 mm, short-beaked. |
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x | = 9. |
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2n | = 18. |
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Thermopsis |
Thermopsis fraxinifolia |
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Phenology | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rich woodlands, upper hillsides along streams, lower elevations along floodplains. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | (300–)700–1600 m. ((1000–)2300–5200 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
North America; Asia |
AL; GA; NC; SC; TN |
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Discussion | Species 23 (10 in the flora). Thermia Nuttall is an illegitimate name that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Thermopsis fraxinifolia is partially sympatric with T. mollis; in regions of overlap T. fraxinifolia usually occurs at higher elevations along upper slopes of mountainous ridges and hills of the Appalachians. The plant may also occur at lower elevations on alluvial deposits along at least some of the rivers in this region. Thermopsis fraxinifolia can be distinguished from T. mollis by its more robust and more branching habit, lateral (as well as terminal) inflorescences, and relatively longer pedicels. Furthermore, T. mollis propagates by extensive, vigorous rhizomes, which are absent in T. fraxinifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | Drepilia, Scolobus | Baptisia fraxinifolia, T. mollis var. fraxinifolia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | R. Brown in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton: Hortus Kew. 3: 3. (1811) | (Nuttall) M. A. Curtis: Amer. J. Sci. Arts 44: 81. (1843) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |