The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

necklacepod, pagoda tree

Japanese pagoda tree, scholar tree

Habit Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Trees, to 25 m. Leaves: stipules linear, 3–4 mm; petiole 1.7–3 cm, sparsely to densely strigose, hairs antrorse, spreading, and retrorse, translucent or brown; leaflets (7–)11–17, petiolules 2–3 mm, blades usually lanceolate to ovate, sometimes elliptic, (1–)1.9–5.6(–6.7) × (0.4–)1.3–2.5(–2.7) cm, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate, surfaces moderately to densely, appressed-pubescent abaxially, moderately to densely pubescent to glabrate adaxially.
Stems

erect, glabrous or moderately pubescent, glabrescent;

bark smooth, fissured, or flakey.

Leaves

alternate, odd-pinnate;

stipules present, caducous;

petiolate;

leaflets (7–)11–19+, opposite proximally and alternate distally, all opposite, or all alternate, stipels present, blade margins entire, surfaces glabrous or pubescent.

Inflorescences

5–100+-flowered, axillary or terminal, racemes or panicles;

bracts and bracteoles present, caducous.

terminal, panicles, axis sparsely to moderately or densely pubescent, hairs antrorse-appressed, some spreading, white, translucent, and golden brown;

axis (1–)3.5–14 cm;

bracts deltate-attenuate, 1–1.5 mm;

bracteoles deltate-attenuate, 0.3–1 mm.

Pedicels

2–3 mm, densely pubescent, hairs antrorse-appressed, white, translucent, and golden brown.

Flowers

papilionaceous;

calyx zygomorphic, campanulate or hip-shaped, truncate, lobes 5;

corolla usually white or yellow, rarely pink or purple [cream];

stamens 10, distinct;

anthers basifixed, dehiscing apically;

ovary sericeous;

style glabrous;

stigma attenuate, terminal.

calyx 3–6 mm, sparsely sericeous, lobes acute to broadly rounded;

corolla white to pale yellow, 1–1.5 cm;

ovary sparsely sericeous.

Fruits

legumes, stipitate, straight to curved, moniliform [torulose], indehiscent, fleshy, glabrescent.

Legumes

2–8[–12] × 0.4–1.1 cm;

stipe 4–17 mm.

Seeds

1–5(–8), black, compressed, subreniform to oblong;

hilum lateral.

1–5(–8), 6.9–8 × 4–6.2 mm.

x

= 14.

2n

= 28.

Styphnolobium

Styphnolobium japonicum

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Roadsides, woodland borders, river bluffs.
Elevation 0–900 m. (0–3000 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
c United States; e United States; Mexico; Central America; nw South America (Colombia); Asia [Introduced elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
DC; MD; NC; OH; PA; VA; Asia (China) [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 9 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Styphnolobium japonicum is widely cultivated for ornamental use. It contains high concentrations of rutin, which has lectinic and antihypotensive properties, and is used in traditional medicines (W. H. Lewis and M. P. F. Elvin-Lewis 2003).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaflet blades narrow to broadly elliptic or obovate; inflorescences racemes, axillary; ovaries densely sericeous; hairs of petioles, inflorescence axes, and pedicels translucent to white; flowering Mar–May.
S. affine
1. Leaflet blades usually lanceolate to ovate, sometimes elliptic; inflorescences panicles, terminal; ovaries sparsely sericeous; hairs of petioles, inflorescence axes, and pedicels white, translucent, brown, and/or golden brown; flowering Jun–Sep.
S. japonicum
Source FNA vol. 11. Authors: James C. Sugar, Alexander Krings. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Styphnolobium
Sibling taxa
S. affine
Subordinate taxa
S. affine, S. japonicum
Synonyms Sophora japonica, Mant. pl.
Name authority Schott: Wiener Z. Kunst 1830(3): 844. (1830) (Linnaeus) Schott: Wiener Z. Kunst 1830(3): 844. (1830)
Web links