Solidago sempervirens
Solidago multiradiata
seaside goldenrod, verge d'or toujours verte
alpine goldenrod, northern goldenrod, northern or Rocky Mountain goldenrod, Rocky Mountain goldenrod, verge d'or à rayons nombreux
1–10(–20+), erect or ascending, glabrous throughout or hairy in arrays.
1–10(–30+), decumbent to erect, slender, tufted, proximally glabrous or sparsely hairy, densely short-hispido-strigose in arrays.
rosettes present at flowering;
basal and proximal cauline tapering to long, winged petioles sheathing stems or nearly so, blades narrowly ovate to oblanceolate, 100–400 × 10–60 mm, thick or fleshy, entire, acute, glabrous;
mid to distal cauline usually numerous, sessile, blades lanceolate, 40–60 × 5–10 mm, reduced distally, thick or fleshy, bases sometimes subclasping, margins entire.
basal and proximal cauline petiolate;
petioles winged, margins ciliate;
blades linear-oblanceolate to spatulate, 10–170 × 3–30 mm, serrate to crenate near apices;
distal cauline sessile;
blades sometimes subclasping stems, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 16–20 × 7–11 mm, margins often distinctly ciliate.
2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy.
5–6 mm, villous;
bracteoles 0–2, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate.
3–7 mm.
4–8 mm.
8–17;
laminae 5–6.2 × 0.4–0.6 mm.
12–18;
laminae 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm.
10–22;
corollas 3–3.2 mm, lobes 0.5–1.2 mm.
10–35;
corollas 3–5 mm, lobes 0.3–1 mm.
in 3–4 series, unequal, lanceolate, margins ciliate, apices acute.
unequal to subequal, outer linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, lengths ± 2/3 inner, margins ciliate, apices acute to attenuate.
20–500, secund, in paniculiform arrays, secund-pyramidal to broadly club-shaped, sometimes leafy proximally, at least proximal branches spreading-recurved, branches and peduncles bracteolate, bracteoles reduced distally.
4–75(–100+), not secund, in dense, round-topped corymbiform arrays;
branches white villous.
(obconic) 1.1–1.5 mm, moderately strigose;
pappi 3.8–4 mm (slightly clavate).
1.5–4 mm, sparsely to moderately strigose;
pappi 3–4 mm (inner bristles clavate).
= 18, 36.
Solidago sempervirens
Solidago multiradiata
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Solidago sempervirens is common along the seacoast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to central America and the northern West Indies. Introduced populations are sometimes very large near the Detroit River and Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario, eastern Michigan, and adjacent Ohio. A second disjunct group of populations occurs in Illinois and Indiana in the Chicago area at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Two mostly geographically separate subspecies can be recognized in the flora range. A race also occurs in the Azores and is undoubtedly introduced there [Solidago sempervirens var. azorica (Hochstetter ex Seubert) H. St. John]. Plants cultivated in European gardens have been labeled S. sempervirens var. viminea (Aiton) A. Gray.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Solidago multiradiata is the North American species most closely related to S. virgaurea, the type species of the genus, native to mostly arctic and alpine regions of Eurasia. Plants of S. multiradiata from the Rocky Mountains have been treated as var. scopulorum; they differ so little from those of other parts of the range that recognition of the variety without further support does not appear justified.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Involucres 4–7 mm, rays 12–17, disc florets ca. 17–22; Newfoundland to New Jersey, locally to Virginia | subsp. sempervirens |
1. Involucres 3–4 mm, rays 7–11, disc florets ca. 10–16; Massachusetts to Texas and southward | subsp. mexicana |
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