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salmon berry

European blackberry

Habit Shrubs, 10–40 dm, usually armed. Shrubs, 10–20 dm, armed.
Stems

erect to arching, glabrate or sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely short-stipitate-glandular, rarely densely long-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;

bark usually papery with age, peeling (especially toward base);

prickles absent or sparse to dense, erect, slender, 1–5 mm, broad- to narrow-based.

biennial, arching, usually densely, sometimes moderately, hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes sessile- to short-stipitate-glandular, not pruinose;

prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, slender, 3–10 mm, broad-based.

Leaves

deciduous, ternate;

stipules filiform to linear, 3–10 mm;

terminal leaflets ovate, 4–15 × 3.5–15 cm, base truncate, rounded to shallowly cordate, shallowly, sharply lobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces unarmed or with erect prickles on midvein, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely stipitate-glandular along midvein.

deciduous or ± persistent, palmately compound;

stipules filiform to linear, 5–15 mm;

leaflets 3–5, terminal usually suborbiculate to orbiculate, sometimes broadly elliptic, 4–9 × 4–8 cm, base rounded to shallowly cordate, unlobed, margins moderately to coarsely serrate, apex acute to cuspidate, abaxial surfaces with hooked prickles on midvein, densely white-gray to gray-green tomentose, eglandular or obscurely short-stipitate- to sessile-glandular along midveins.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, 1–2-flowered.

terminal, 7–35-flowered, cymiform or thyrsiform.

Pedicels

unarmed or prickles sparse, erect, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely short-stipitate-glandular.

prickles moderate to dense, recurved to erect, densely hairy, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

bisexual;

petals pink to magenta, broadly to narrowly obovate, 10–30 mm;

filaments laminar;

ovaries glabrous.

bisexual;

petals pink to magenta, elliptic to suborbiculate, 6–12(–15) mm;

filaments filiform;

ovaries apically hairy.

Fruits

yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm;

drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus.

black, globose, 1–1.5 cm;

drupelets 15–40, coherent, separating with torus attached.

2n

= 14.

= 28.

Rubus spectabilis

Rubus vestitus

Phenology Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Woodlands, woodland edges, bogs, shorelines, roadsides, disturbed areas, moist to wet soil Woodland edges, open areas, disturbed areas, in moist soil
Elevation 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) 0–600 m (0–2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; OR; WA; BC; e Asia (Japan) [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
OR; BC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rubus spectabilis is a thicket-forming shrub that has relatively large and desirably edible fruit. The species is used as an ornamental primarily for its robust, showy flowers and is naturalized in parts of western Europe. It is sister to the Hawaiian endemic R. hawaiiensis A. Gray. See discussion under 36. R. ursinus for the uncertain application of the name R. menziesii Hooker.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rubus vestitus can be distinguished, especially from the closely related R. bifrons and R. ulmifolius, by its long-stipitate-glandular hairs, particularly in the inflorescence, and terminal primocane leaflets that are typically suborbiculate and abaxially densely tomentose. Rubus allegheniensis can possess similar glandular hairs; it does not have pink petals, thyrsiform inflorescences, and rounded and abaxially densely tomentose, often whitened terminal leaflets.

Rubus vestitus has not yet been found in Washington, but it is likely there. Because of the overall similarity of R. vestitus to R. bifrons, it is possible that this potentially weedy species is widespread, but rare and possibly overlooked, occurring as far south as California. In Oregon, R. vestitus prefers shady habitats (B. Wilson, pers. comm.).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 9, p. 53. FNA vol. 9, p. 56.
Parent taxa Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus Rosaceae > subfam. Rosoideae > tribe Rubeae > Rubus
Sibling taxa
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus, R. vestitus
R. allegheniensis, R. arcticus, R. bartonianus, R. bifrons, R. caesius, R. canadensis, R. chamaemorus, R. cuneifolius, R. deliciosus, R. flagellaris, R. glaucifolius, R. hispidus, R. idaeus, R. illecebrosus, R. laciniatus, R. lasiococcus, R. leucodermis, R. neomexicanus, R. nivalis, R. niveus, R. nutkanus, R. occidentalis, R. odoratus, R. parviflorus, R. parvifolius, R. pascuus, R. pedatus, R. pensilvanicus, R. phoenicolasius, R. pubescens, R. repens, R. saxatilis, R. setosus, R. spectabilis, R. trivialis, R. ulmifolius, R. ursinus
Synonyms R. franciscanus, R. spectabilis var. franciscanus
Name authority Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 348, plate 16. (1813) Weihe & Nees: in M. J. Bluff et al., Comp. Fl. German. 1: 684. (1825)
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