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owl's-clover, owl-clover

Tolmie's owl's-clover

Habit Herbs, annual; hemiparasitic. Annuals 10–35 cm.
Stems

erect or ascending, not fleshy, glabrous or hairy.

erect, scabrous and sparsely puberulent.

Leaves

cauline, alternate;

petiole absent;

blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire or 3–7-lobed.

15–50 mm;

blade margins entire.

Inflorescences

terminal, spikes or racemes;

bracts present.

spikes or racemes, 2–15 cm;

bracts 10–20 mm, margins entire or 3-lobed in proximal 1/2, proximal resembling distal leaves, midlobe yellow-green to purple distally, narrowly triangular, 0.7–1 mm wide, apex acute, not cuspidate, lateral lobes linear to narrowly triangular.

Pedicels

absent or present;

bracteoles absent.

0–2 mm.

Flowers

sepals 4, calyx symmetric, tubular, lobes triangular;

petals 5, corolla purple-pink, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate, club-shaped, often gibbous at base of abaxial lip, abaxial lobes 0 or 3, adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate, rounded at apex, sometimes obscurely so, opening downward;

stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy;

staminode 0;

ovary 2-locular, placentation axile;

stigma linear, not expanded at apex.

calyx 4–8 mm;

corolla 10–17 mm, longer than bracts, abaxial lip conspicuously inflated, lobes 3, triangular, adaxial lip yellow or purple-pink, 4–5 mm, 1–2 mm longer than abaxial, glabrous or puberulent, tip notably hooked, not bearded.

Capsules

dehiscence loculicidal.

4–6 mm, apex retuse.

Seeds

5–35, light to dark brown or yellow, ovoid to reniform or oblong, wings absent.

3–6, light brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 mm, shallowly reticulate, not ridged.

x

= 7.

2n

= 14.

Orthocarpus

Orthocarpus tolmiei

Distribution
from USDA
w North America
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
ID; UT; WY
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 9 (9 in the flora).

Orthocarpus is related to Cordylanthus and can be distinguished by its four-lobed, tubular calyces (D. C. Tank et al. 2009). Some species placed traditionally in Orthocarpus were transferred to Castilleja and Triphysaria by T. I. Chuang and L. R. Heckard (1991).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Orthocarpus tolmiei is similar to both O. luteus and O. purpureoalbus but usually can be distinguished by its highly branched stems.

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Bract margins 5–7-lobed; pedicels 2–3 mm; corollas: adaxial lips bearded at tip.
O. barbatus
1. Bract margins entire or 3(–5)-lobed; pedicels 0–2 mm; corollas: adaxial lips not bearded at tip.
→ 2
2. Bracts: midlobes ovate or obovate, 4–10 mm wide, apices obtuse, cuspidate.
→ 3
3. Corollas: adaxial lips not hooked at tip.
O. cuspidatus
3. Corollas: adaxial lips notably hooked at tip.
→ 4
4. Corollas 25–30 mm, adaxial lips glabrous, abaxial lobes rounded.
O. pachystachyus
4. Corollas 10–20 mm, adaxial lips puberulent, abaxial lobes triangular.
→ 5
5. Distal leaf margins entire; calyces 5–7 mm; capsules 4–5 mm, apices retuse.
O. imbricatus
5. Distal leaf margins 3–7 lobed; calyces 8–12 mm; capsules 6–7 mm, apices acute.
O. tenuifolius
2. Bracts: midlobes triangular, 0.7–4 mm wide, apices acute or acuminate, not cuspidate.
→ 6
6. Corollas: adaxial lips golden yellow, tips minutely hooked.
O. luteus
6. Corollas: adaxial lips yellow or purple-pink to white, tips notably hooked.
→ 7
7. Distal leaf margins entire; seeds 3–6; corollas: abaxial lips with triangular lobes.
O. tolmiei
7. Distal leaf margins 3-lobed; seeds 10–26; corollas: abaxial lips with lobes 0.
→ 8
8. Bracts: midlobes 3–4 mm wide, lateral lobes narrowly triangular; capsule apices retuse; seeds 10–15.
O. bracteosus
8. Bracts: midlobes 1–2 mm wide, lateral lobes linear; capsule apices cuspidate; seeds 18–26.
O. purpureoalbus
1. Corollas yellow, adaxial lips sparsely puberulent; calyces glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent.
subsp. tolmiei
1. Corollas purple-pink, adaxial lips puberulent; calyces densely glandular-puberulent.
subsp. holmgreniorum
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 680. Author: Kerry A. Barringer. FNA vol. 17, p. 684.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae > Orthocarpus
Sibling taxa
O. barbatus, O. bracteosus, O. cuspidatus, O. imbricatus, O. luteus, O. pachystachyus, O. purpureoalbus, O. tenuifolius
Subordinate taxa
O. barbatus, O. bracteosus, O. cuspidatus, O. imbricatus, O. luteus, O. pachystachyus, O. purpureoalbus, O. tenuifolius, O. tolmiei
O. tolmiei subsp. holmgreniorum, O. tolmiei subsp. tolmiei
Name authority Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 56. (1818) Hooker & Arnott: Bot. Beechey Voy., 379. (1839)
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