Orthocarpus |
Orthocarpus luteus |
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owl's-clover, owl-clover |
golden-tongue owl-clover, yellow owl's-clover, yellow owl-clover |
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Habit | Herbs, annual; hemiparasitic. | Annuals 10–40(–60) cm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect or ascending, not fleshy, glabrous or hairy. |
erect to ascending, pubescent and pilose. |
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Leaves | cauline, alternate; petiole absent; blade not fleshy, not leathery, margins entire or 3–7-lobed. |
15–50 mm; blade: proximal margins entire, distal entire or 3-lobed. |
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Inflorescences | terminal, spikes or racemes; bracts present. |
spikes, (2–)5–20 cm; bracts 10–20 mm, margins 3-lobed in distal 1/2, proximal resembling distal leaves, midlobe green distally, triangular, 2–3 mm wide, apex acuminate, not cuspidate, lateral lobes narrowly lanceolate. |
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Pedicels | absent or present; bracteoles absent. |
0 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals 4, calyx symmetric, tubular, lobes triangular; petals 5, corolla purple-pink, yellow, or white, strongly bilabiate, club-shaped, often gibbous at base of abaxial lip, abaxial lobes 0 or 3, adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate, rounded at apex, sometimes obscurely so, opening downward; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous or hairy; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma linear, not expanded at apex. |
calyx 5–8 mm; corolla 10–15 mm, longer than bracts, abaxial lip inflated, lobes 3, rounded, adaxial lip golden yellow, 2–4 mm, equal to abaxial, glandular-puberulent, tip minutely hooked, not bearded. |
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Capsules | dehiscence loculicidal. |
5–7 mm, apex retuse. |
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Seeds | 5–35, light to dark brown or yellow, ovoid to reniform or oblong, wings absent. |
20–35, yellow or dark brown, ovoid, 1.2–1.5 mm, reticulate, longitudinally ridged. |
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x | = 7. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Orthocarpus |
Orthocarpus luteus |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Grasslands, sagebrush scrub, mountain meadows, disturbed grounds. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | (200–)400–3000 m. ((700–)1300–9800 ft.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
w North America |
AZ; CA; CO; ID; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK
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Discussion | Species 9 (9 in the flora). Orthocarpus is related to Cordylanthus and can be distinguished by its four-lobed, tubular calyces (D. C. Tank et al. 2009). Some species placed traditionally in Orthocarpus were transferred to Castilleja and Triphysaria by T. I. Chuang and L. R. Heckard (1991). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Orthocarpus luteus can be distinguished by its golden yellow corollas, with minutely hooked tips on adaxial lips. The Ontario population is not native. The Blackfeet used the leaves of O. luteus to dye skins, hair, and feathers red to reddish brown (A. Johnston 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 680. | FNA vol. 17, p. 683. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | O. strictus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 56. (1818) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 57. (1818) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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