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California spineflower, spineflower

perfoliate spineflower

Habit Herbs, annual; taproot slender. Plants (0.2–)0.3–2(–3) ×0.5–5 dm.
Stems

arising directly from the root, erect to spreading, solid, not fistulose or disarticulating into ringlike segments, sparsely glandular-pubescent.

Leaves

usually quickly deciduous, basal, rosulate;

petiole absent;

blade spatulate to obovate, margins entire.

petiole inconspicuous;

blade spatulate, (1–)2–5 × (0.2–)0.3–1.2(–2) cm.

Inflorescences

terminal, cymose, uniparous due to suppression of secondaries;

branches dichotomous, not brittle or disarticulating into segments, round, sparsely glandular-pubescent;

bracts 3(–5), positioned to side of node or perfoliate and completely but unequally surrounding node, connate nearly completely, triangular to ovate or oblong, awned, sparsely glandular-pubescent.

Peduncles

absent.

Involucres

1–3 per node, tubular, cylindric, (2–)3–4-angled, slightly ventricose on the angles in some;

teeth (2–)3–4, awn-tipped.

1, 4-angled, distinctly ribbed and usually corrugate, often strongly ventricose, 3–5(–6) mm;

teeth 4, spreading to strongly divergent, glandular or strongly hirsute;

awns straight, (0.3–)0.5–1.2 mm.

Flowers

1(–2) per involucre;

perianth white to pink, campanulate when open, cylindric when closed, pubescent abaxially;

tepals 6, connate ca. 1/3 their length, monomorphic, entire or erose to fimbriate apically;

stamens 6–9;

filaments free, glabrous;

anthers pink to red, oblong.

1;

perianth 1.5–3(–3.5) mm, pubescent abaxially;

tepals narrowly oblanceolate, erose or fimbriate apically, infrequently entire or 2-lobed;

stamens 9;

filaments 1–2.5(–3) mm;

anthers 0.5–0.8(–0.9) mm.

Achenes

mostly included, brown to black, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous.

2–3 mm.

Seeds

embryo straight.

Inflor

-escences: bracts 3, spreading to nearly erect, perfoliate, becoming 1-sided and weakly perfoliate apically, connate for nearly their entire length, orbiculate, 0.5–1(–2) cm, apex acute to obtuse;

awns 0.3–1.2(–1.5) mm.

x

= 19.

2n

= 38, 40.

Mucronea

Mucronea perfoliata

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes, mixed grassland, saltbush, creosote bush, and chaparral communities, pine-oak woodlands
Elevation 100-1600(-1900) m (300-5200(-6200) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Mucronea perfoliata is found in the Coast and Transverse ranges from Stanislaus County south to Ventura County, and in the San Joaquin Valley from Kings County south to the Tehachapi Mountains and the northwestern edge of the Mojave Desert in Kern County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescence bracts positioned to side of node, involucres 1-3 per node, 2.5-5(-7) mm,bracts (2-)3(-4), awns (0.5-)1-2.5 (3) mm; flowers 1-2; tepals entire apically
M. californica
1. Inflorescence bracts perfoliate; involucres 1 per node, 3-5(-6) mm, bracts 4, awns (0.3-)0.5-1.2 mm; flowers 1; tepals entire to fimbriate apically
M. perfoliata
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 470. Author: James L. Reveal. FNA vol. 5, p. 471.
Parent taxa Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae Polygonaceae > subfam. Eriogonoideae > Mucronea
Sibling taxa
M. californica
Subordinate taxa
M. californica, M. perfoliata
Synonyms Chorizanthe section M. Chorizanthe perfoliata, M. perfoliata var. opaca
Name authority Bentham: Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 405, 419, plate 20. (1836) (A. Gray) A. Heller: Muhlenburgia 2: 23. (1905)
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