Jatropha cathartica |
Jatropha gossypiifolia |
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Berlandier's nettlespurge |
bellyache bush |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, to 0.3 m, monoecious, with woody subterranean caudex to 13.5 cm diam., stem and root scars crescent-shaped. | Shrubs, to 3 m, monoecious. |
Stems | erect, green, sparsely branched, herbaceous, somewhat succulent, glabrous; short shoots absent; latex watery, cloudy-whitish. |
erect, brown, sparsely to much-branched, woody-succulent, hirsute, glandular when young; short shoots absent; latex viscous, colorless. |
Leaves | ± evenly distributed on long shoots; stipules persistent, 2–3 mm, deeply divided into linear-lanceolate segments; petiole 6–10 cm, not stipitate-glandular; blade cordate in outline, 6–11 × 3.5–6 cm, deeply 5–7-lobed nearly to base, segments deeply lobed, base cordate, margins coarsely dentate, apex acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous; venation palmate. |
persistent or drought-deciduous, ± evenly distributed on long shoots; stipules persistent, 2.5–12 mm, filiform-divided, each segment ending in stipitate gland; petiole 3–14.5 cm, stipitate-glandular; blade cordate to ovate in outline, 4–18.2 × 4.2–13.4 cm, 3–5-lobed, base cordate, margins usually serrulate-denticulate or glandular-ciliate, rarely entire, apex acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy especially on veins; venation palmate. |
Inflorescences | bisexual, terminal and subterminal, cymes; peduncle 7.5–11 cm; bracts 3–10 mm, margins entire, glabrous. |
bisexual, terminal and subterminal, cymes; peduncle 2.5–10.5 cm; bracts 6–16 mm, margins entire, glandular-ciliate. |
Pedicels | 9–13 mm. |
1–2 mm. |
Staminate flowers | sepals connate 1/2 length, ovate, 2–2.5 × 1–1.2 mm, margins usually entire, rarely 1–2-lobed, apex acute, surfaces glabrous; corolla deep red, rotate-campanulate, petals distinct, 7–10 × 2–3 mm, surfaces glabrous; stamens 8 in 2 whorls (5 + 3); filaments of each whorl appearing connate 1/2 length at anthesis, distinct at maturity, both whorls 2.5–3 mm. |
sepals distinct or connate to 1/4 length, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.2–2.5 × 2.5–4 mm, margins entire, apex round, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy, glandular-ciliate; corolla orange-red to purple, sometimes with lighter center, campanulate, petals connate 1/4–1/2 length, 3.5–5.5 × 1.8–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy on 1 or both surfaces; stamens 8 in 2 whorls (5 + 3); filaments of each whorl connate 1/4–1/2+ length, outer whorl 1.4–3 mm, inner whorl 1.8–4 mm. |
Pistillate flowers | resembling staminate, but sepals distinct, lanceolate, 2.5–3.5 × 0.8–1 mm; corolla rotate, petals 7–9 × 2.5–2.8 mm; carpels 3; styles connate to 3/4 length, 0.5–1.5 mm. |
resembling staminate, but sepals 2.5–4 × 1–1.7 mm; petals 4–6.5 × 2–3.5 cm; staminodes sometimes present; carpels 3; styles connate to 1/4 length, 1–2 mm. |
Capsules | spheric, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 cm, explosively dehiscent. |
ellipsoidal, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm, explosively dehiscent. |
Seeds | brown with darker markings, ellipsoidal, 9–13 × 5–7 mm; caruncle prominent. |
gray-brown mottled with dark brown spots, ovoid, 6.5–7 × 3.8–4.5 mm; caruncle prominent. |
2n | = 22. |
= 22 (Mexico). |
Jatropha cathartica |
Jatropha gossypiifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering and fruiting spring–summer. | Flowering and fruiting year-round. |
Habitat | Grassy clay-rocky and saline flats. | Disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 1000–2500 m. (3300–8200 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas) |
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia] |
Discussion | Jatropha cathartica is attractive and is threatened by extensive collecting by growers and collectors of succulent plants. In the flora area, the species is known from south Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Jatropha gossypiifolia is native to tropical America and has been introduced throughout the tropics, including southern Florida, and in some regions it is invasive; it is widely cultivated for medicinal and landscape purposes. It is a complex species with more than 40 described varieties, subspecies, and forms, some of which are sometimes considered distinct species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 200. | FNA vol. 12, p. 200. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | J. berlandieri | |
Name authority | Terán & Berlandier: in J. L. Berlandier, Mem. Comis. Limites, 9. (1832) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1006. (1753) — (as gossypifolia) |
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