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hirschfeldia, Mediterranean mustard, or summer mustard, perennial, shortpod, shortpod mustard

Mediterranean hoary mustard, Mediterranean mustard, mustard, short-pod mustard, summer mustard, summer- or hoary-mustard

Stems

(simple or several from base), erect, branched basally and distally.

(2–)4–15(–20) dm, densely pubescent proximally, trichomes retrorse.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate or subsessile;

basal rosulate, petiolate, blade lyrate to pinnatifid, margins crenate-dentate;

cauline subsessile or petiolate, blade (base not auriculate), margins dentate or pinnatifid.

Basal leaves

petiole 1–4(–10) cm;

blade (3–)4–22(–35) cm × 15–60(–80) mm, lobes 1–6(–9) each side, ovate or lanceolate, (smaller than terminal), terminal lobe broadly ovate, surfaces densely pubescent.

Cauline leaves

(distal) ± sessile;

blade oblong to lanceolate, similar to basal, (smaller distally).

Racemes

(corymbose, several-flowered), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals widely spreading or reflexed, oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow, obovate to spatulate, claw differentiated from blade, (apex obtuse);

stamens tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally;

anthers oblong or ovate, (apex obtuse);

nectar glands not confluent, median glands present.

sepals 3–5 × 1.2–2 mm;

petals 5–10 × 2.5–4.5 mm;

filaments 3–5 mm;anthers 1–1.5 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

erect, stout.

(appressed to rachis, almost as thick as fruit), 2–4(–5) mm.

Fruits

siliques, dehiscent, sessile, segments 2, linear, slightly torulose, terete or slightly 4-angled; (proximal segment not torulose, somewhat corky at maturity, 8–20-seeded; terminal segment indehiscent, 1- or 2-seeded, slightly swollen apically);

valves 3(–7)-veined, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent;

replum rounded;

septum complete;

ovules 10–22 per ovary; (style present);

stigma capitate, entire.

0.7–1.5(–1.7) cm × 1–1.7 mm;

valves 6–10 mm;

terminal segment 3–6 mm.

Seeds

uniseriate, plump, not winged, globose;

seed coat (smooth to finely reticulate), mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons conduplicate.

0.9–1.5 mm diam. 2n = 14.

Annual

or biennials;

not scapose;

pubescent.

x

= 7.

Hirschfeldia

Hirschfeldia incana

Phenology Flowering Apr–Nov.
Habitat Roadsides, waste places, disturbed areas, canyons, creek bottoms, dry fields, open desert
Elevation 100-1600 m (300-5200 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Eurasia; nw Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, s Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR; Eurasia; nw Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America, s Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 1.

It is with some hesitation that I recognize this genus; it should perhaps be united with Erucastrum, as recently proposed for conservation by I. A. Al-Shehbaz (2005b). As clearly shown by S. I. Warwick and L. D. Black (1993), Brassica, Diplotaxis, and Erucastrum are artificially delimited genera, and a substantial revision of their boundaries is needed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hirschfeldia incana was first collected in North America in 1895 in the San Bernardino region, and by 1936 it was described as “already a serious agricultural pest, spreading freely over dry, unbroken ground and flourishing chiefly during the arid summer season” (W. L. Jepson 1909–1943, vol. 2).

Hirschfeldia incana can be confused with Brassica nigra because both have fruits appressed to the rachis. The former is distinguished from the latter by its distinctly shorter fruit, seeded and often swollen beak, and smaller petals.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 436. Author: Suzanne I. Warwick. FNA vol. 7, p. 437.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Hirschfeldia
Subordinate taxa
H. incana
Synonyms Sinapis incana, Brassica adpressa, Brassica geniculata, H. adpressa, Sinapis geniculata
Name authority Moench: Methodus, 264. (1794) (Linnaeus) Lagrèze-Fossat: Fl. Tarn Garonne, 19. (1847)
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