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Virginia sneezeweed

fringe sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 30–130 cm. Perennials, 20–60 cm.
Stems

1(–2), branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate, weakly to strongly lobed;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes dentate;

distal blades usually lanceolate, entire.

glabrous;

basal blades narrowly obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades narrowly lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

distal blades lance-linear, usually entire, rarely undulate-serrate.

Peduncles

2–8 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

10–30 cm, sparsely hairy.

Involucres

globoid, 8–15 × 10–16 mm.

hemispheric to globoid, 10–18 × 15–25 mm.

Ray florets

8–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–15 × 4–10 mm.

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 14–25 × 4–10 mm.

Disc florets

200–400+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes 5.

250–650(–1000+);

corollas yellow, 4.3–5.4 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) sparsely to moderately hairy.

sparsely to moderately hairy.

Heads

2–25+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

1.8–2.3 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2 mm.

1.2–1.5 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–12 deeply lacerate, non-aristate scales 2–3.7 mm.

2n

= 32.

Helenium virginicum

Helenium drummondii

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering (Mar–)Apr(–May).
Habitat Around ponds, lakes, and bogs, swampy meadows Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 300–500 m (1000–1600 ft) 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
MO; VA
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; LA; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

M. C. Simurda and J. S. Knox (2000) presented ITS sequence data that placed a population of Helenium virginicum from the Ozark highlands of southern Missouri in a monophyletic group with six populations of H. virginicum from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. R. L. Rimer and J. W. Summers (Missouri Department of Conservation, pers. comm.) located 42 H. virginicum populations in six counties in the Ozark highlands of Missouri. G. A. Yatskievych (Missouri Botanical Garden, pers. comm. to editors) has stated, “. . . the existence of this taxon in Missouri is no longer a matter of a single odd population, but probably rather another case of a taxon with two disjunct centers following dissection of a range during the Pleistocene glaciation.”

Helenium virginicum is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 431. FNA vol. 21, p. 429.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms Leptopoda fimbriatum
Name authority S. F. Blake: Claytonia 3: 13. (1936) H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 173. (1957)
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