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longdisk sneezeweed

littlehead tarweed, smallhead sneezeweed

Habit Annuals, 30–100 cm. Annuals, 25–120 cm.
Stems

usually 1, branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

1(2–10), branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

blades narrowly elliptic to lance-linear, usually entire;

proximal blades sometimes pinnately lobed.

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, usually serrate to undulate-serrate, sometimes deeply toothed or laciniate;

distal blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, serrate to undulate-serrate.

Peduncles

3–13 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

1.8–8 cm, moderately hairy.

Involucres

ovoid to conic, 7–11(–14) × 6–11 mm.

globoid to usually ovoid, 4–12 × 4–12 mm.

Ray florets

10–15, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 7–12.4 × 4–8.8 mm.

7–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow throughout, sometimes reddish proximally and yellow distally, 2.6–9.1 × 1.5–6.7 mm.

Disc florets

225–500+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to reddish brown distally, 1.1–1.8 mm, lobes 4.

120–400+;

corollas yellow to yellow-green proximally, brown to reddish brown distally, 1.2–2.4 mm, lobes (4–)5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) sparsely to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately hairy.

Heads

5–15(–50+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

20–300+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

0.6–1.2 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales 0.1–0.3 mm.

0.7–1.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm.

2n

= 26.

Helenium quadridentatum

Helenium microcephalum

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jun (year round).
Habitat Sandy or clay soils, ditches, around ponds and lakes, along streams
Elevation 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; LA; MS; PA; TX; Mexico; West Indies (Cuba); Central America (Belize, Guatemala)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Helenium quadridentatum is introduced in Pennsylvania.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, projecting terminal heads barely beyond foliage; involucres 4–8 × 4–8 mm
var. microcephalum
1. Peduncles 1.5–8 cm, usually projecting terminal heads well beyond foliage; involucres 8–12 × 8–12 mm
var. oöclinium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 434. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. microcephalum var. microcephalum, H. microcephalum var. oöclinium
Name authority Labillardière: Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 22, plate 4. (1792) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836)
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