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littlehead tarweed, smallhead sneezeweed

savanna sneezeweed, savannah sneezeweed, spring sneezeweed

Habit Annuals, 25–120 cm. Perennials, 30–80 cm.
Stems

1(2–10), branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, usually serrate to undulate-serrate, sometimes deeply toothed or laciniate;

distal blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, serrate to undulate-serrate.

usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy;

basal blades obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire or undulate to undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades usually narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes toothed;

distal blades lance-linear, entire.

Peduncles

1.8–8 cm, moderately hairy.

2–23 cm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy.

Involucres

globoid to usually ovoid, 4–12 × 4–12 mm.

hemispheric, 10–17 × 15–27 mm.

Ray florets

7–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow throughout, sometimes reddish proximally and yellow distally, 2.6–9.1 × 1.5–6.7 mm.

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 15–21 × 5–10 mm.

Disc florets

120–400+;

corollas yellow to yellow-green proximally, brown to reddish brown distally, 1.2–2.4 mm, lobes (4–)5.

150–650(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 4.6–6 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

(connate proximally) moderately hairy.

glabrous or sparsely hairy.

Heads

20–300+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

Cypselae

0.7–1.4 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm.

1–1.5 mm, glabrous;

pappi of usually 8 entire or lacerate, non-aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 34.

Helenium microcephalum

Helenium vernale

Phenology Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The name Helenium nuttallii A. Gray is illegitimate; it has been applied to plants treated here as H. vernale.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Peduncles 1–3.5 cm, projecting terminal heads barely beyond foliage; involucres 4–8 × 4–8 mm
var. microcephalum
1. Peduncles 1.5–8 cm, usually projecting terminal heads well beyond foliage; involucres 8–12 × 8–12 mm
var. oöclinium
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 433. FNA vol. 21, p. 429.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. microcephalum var. microcephalum, H. microcephalum var. oöclinium
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836) Walter: Fl. Carol., 210. (1788)
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