Helenium microcephalum |
Helenium vernale |
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littlehead tarweed, smallhead sneezeweed |
savanna sneezeweed, savannah sneezeweed, spring sneezeweed |
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Habit | Annuals, 25–120 cm. | Perennials, 30–80 cm. | ||||
Stems | 1(2–10), branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
usually 1, usually unbranched distally, weakly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally. |
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Leaves | glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy (basal withered by flowering); proximal and mid blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, usually serrate to undulate-serrate, sometimes deeply toothed or laciniate; distal blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong-elliptic, serrate to undulate-serrate. |
usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy; basal blades obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire or undulate to undulate-serrate; proximal and mid blades usually narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes toothed; distal blades lance-linear, entire. |
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Peduncles | 1.8–8 cm, moderately hairy. |
2–23 cm, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy. |
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Involucres | globoid to usually ovoid, 4–12 × 4–12 mm. |
hemispheric, 10–17 × 15–27 mm. |
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Ray florets | 7–13, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow throughout, sometimes reddish proximally and yellow distally, 2.6–9.1 × 1.5–6.7 mm. |
13–30, neuter; corollas yellow, 15–21 × 5–10 mm. |
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Disc florets | 120–400+; corollas yellow to yellow-green proximally, brown to reddish brown distally, 1.2–2.4 mm, lobes (4–)5. |
150–650(–800+); corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 4.6–6 mm, lobes 5. |
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Phyllaries | (connate proximally) moderately hairy. |
glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
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Heads | 20–300+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays. |
1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly. |
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Cypselae | 0.7–1.4 mm, moderately hairy; pappi of usually 6 entire, non-aristate scales (0.2–)0.3–0.7 mm. |
1–1.5 mm, glabrous; pappi of usually 8 entire or lacerate, non-aristate scales 1.5–2 mm. |
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2n | = 34. |
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Helenium microcephalum |
Helenium vernale |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | |||||
Habitat | Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges | |||||
Elevation | 10–50 m (0–200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AZ; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Helenium nuttallii A. Gray is illegitimate; it has been applied to plants treated here as H. vernale. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 433. | FNA vol. 21, p. 429. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 210. (1788) | ||||
Web links |