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fringe sneezeweed

pretty sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 20–60 cm. Annuals, 20–120 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

usually 1, branched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy.

Leaves

glabrous;

basal blades narrowly obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades narrowly lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

distal blades lance-linear, usually entire, rarely undulate-serrate.

glabrous or sparsely hairy (basal withered by flowering);

proximal and mid blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, entire, serrate, or irregularly toothed or lobed;

distal blades lanceolate to linear, entire.

Peduncles

10–30 cm, sparsely hairy.

2–14 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

Involucres

hemispheric to globoid, 10–18 × 15–25 mm.

globoid, 5–11 × 5–12(–13) mm.

Ray florets

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 14–25 × 4–10 mm.

10–17, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow throughout or red-brown to red proximally and yellow distally, 5.5–15(–19) × 2.2–5.5(–8.7) mm.

Disc florets

250–650(–1000+);

corollas yellow, 4.3–5.4 mm, lobes 5.

150–700+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to brown to usually reddish brown distally, 1.5–2.3(–2.5) mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

sparsely to moderately hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

20–200+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.2–1.5 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–12 deeply lacerate, non-aristate scales 2–3.7 mm.

0.6–1 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–7 entire, non-aristate scales 0.05–0.3(–0.4) mm.

2n

= 32.

Helenium drummondii

Helenium elegans

Phenology Flowering (Mar–)Apr(–May).
Habitat Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges
Elevation 10–50 m (0–200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; LA; TX
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; OK; TX; n Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Proximal leaves usually entire, rarely serrate; involucres 5–8 × 5–8 mm
var. elegans
1. Proximal leaves usually irregularly toothed or lobed; involucres 7–11 × 8–12(–13) mm
var. amphibolum
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 433.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Subordinate taxa
H. elegans var. amphibolum, H. elegans var. elegans
Synonyms Leptopoda fimbriatum
Name authority H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 173. (1957) de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 667. (1836)
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