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fringe sneezeweed

Helenium autumnale

common sneezeweed, fall sneezeweed, hélénie automnale, large-flower sneezeweed, mountain sneezeweed

Habit Perennials, 20–60 cm. Perennials, 50–130 cm.
Stems

usually 1, usually unbranched distally, moderately to strongly winged, glabrous proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

1(–7), branched distally, strongly winged, sparsely to densely hairy proximally, moderately to densely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous;

basal blades narrowly obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

proximal and mid blades narrowly lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes undulate-serrate;

distal blades lance-linear, usually entire, rarely undulate-serrate.

usually moderately to densely hairy, sometimes glabrous;

basal blades (withered by flowering) lanceolate, oblanceolate, or obovate, entire or weakly lobed;

proximal and mid blades obovate to oblanceolate, usually dentate or entire;

distal blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, entire or dentate.

Peduncles

10–30 cm, sparsely hairy.

3–10 cm, moderately to densely hairy.

Involucres

hemispheric to globoid, 10–18 × 15–25 mm.

globoid, 8–20 × 8–23 mm.

Ray florets

13–30, neuter;

corollas yellow, 14–25 × 4–10 mm.

8–21, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–23 × 4–10 mm.

Disc florets

250–650(–1000+);

corollas yellow, 4.3–5.4 mm, lobes 5.

200–400(–800+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.4–4 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

sparsely to moderately hairy.

(connate proximally) moderately to densely hairy.

Heads

1(–3) per plant, usually borne singly.

5–70(–100+) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1.2–1.5 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–12 deeply lacerate, non-aristate scales 2–3.7 mm.

1–2 mm, sparsely to moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–7 entire, aristate scales (0.5–)0.9–1.5(–1.8) mm.

2n

= 32.

= 32, 34, 36.

Helenium drummondii

Helenium autumnale

Phenology Flowering (Mar–)Apr(–May). Flowering (Jul–)Aug–Oct(–Nov).
Habitat Ditches, other moist areas such as wet woods, bogs, and swamp edges Roadsides, fields, along streams, ditches, seepage areas, around ponds and lakes
Elevation 10–50 m (0–200 ft) 20–2600 m (100–8500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; LA; TX
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; ON; QC; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 21, p. 429. FNA vol. 21, p. 431.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
Synonyms Leptopoda fimbriatum H. autumnale var. canaliculatum, H. autumnale var. fylesii, H. autumnale var. grandiflorum, H. autumnale var. montanum, H. autumnale var. parviflorum, H. latifolium, H. parviflorum
Name authority H. Rock: Rhodora 59: 173. (1957) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 886. (1753)
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