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Arizona sneezeweed

Virginia sneezeweed

Habit Annuals, 30–70 cm. Perennials, 30–130 cm.
Stems

usually 1, sparingly branched distally, weakly winged, glabrous or sparsely hairy.

1(–2), branched distally, strongly winged, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy proximally, glabrous or sparsely hairy distally.

Leaves

glabrous or sparsely hairy;

blades all lance-linear, entire or coarsely toothed.

glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy;

basal blades oblanceolate, weakly to strongly lobed;

proximal and mid blades oblanceolate to lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes dentate;

distal blades usually lanceolate, entire.

Peduncles

4–13 cm, glabrous or sparsely to moderately hairy.

2–8 cm, sparsely to moderately hairy.

Involucres

globoid to ovoid, 11–16 × 14–20 mm.

globoid, 8–15 × 10–16 mm.

Ray florets

12–18, pistillate, fertile;

corollas usually yellow, sometimes yellow with purple streaks, 10–20 × 5–13 mm.

8–13, pistillate, fertile;

corollas yellow, 10–15 × 4–10 mm.

Disc florets

300–500(–700+);

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to purple to dark blue-purple distally, 3.2–3.6 mm, lobes 5.

200–400+;

corollas yellow proximally, yellow to yellow-brown distally, 2.5–3.5 mm, lobes 5.

Phyllaries

sparsely to densely hairy.

(connate proximally) sparsely to moderately hairy.

Heads

1–15(–25) per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

2–25+ per plant, in paniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

2–2.9 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 6–7 entire, aristate scales 1.5–2 mm.

1.8–2.3 mm, moderately hairy;

pappi of 5–6 entire, aristate scales 1.3–2 mm.

2n

= 30.

Helenium arizonicum

Helenium virginicum

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep. Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Pine forests, edges of wet places such as bogs, ponds, lakes, ditches Around ponds, lakes, and bogs, swampy meadows
Elevation 1800–2400 m (5900–7900 ft) 300–500 m (1000–1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
MO; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

M. C. Simurda and J. S. Knox (2000) presented ITS sequence data that placed a population of Helenium virginicum from the Ozark highlands of southern Missouri in a monophyletic group with six populations of H. virginicum from the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. R. L. Rimer and J. W. Summers (Missouri Department of Conservation, pers. comm.) located 42 H. virginicum populations in six counties in the Ozark highlands of Missouri. G. A. Yatskievych (Missouri Botanical Garden, pers. comm. to editors) has stated, “. . . the existence of this taxon in Missouri is no longer a matter of a single odd population, but probably rather another case of a taxon with two disjunct centers following dissection of a range during the Pleistocene glaciation.”

Helenium virginicum is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 432. FNA vol. 21, p. 431.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium Asteraceae > tribe Heliantheae > subtribe Gaillardiinae > Helenium
Sibling taxa
H. amarum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale, H. virginicum
H. amarum, H. arizonicum, H. autumnale, H. bigelovii, H. bolanderi, H. brevifolium, H. campestre, H. drummondii, H. elegans, H. flexuosum, H. linifolium, H. microcephalum, H. pinnatifidum, H. puberulum, H. quadridentatum, H. thurberi, H. vernale
Name authority S. F. Blake: J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 388. (1937) S. F. Blake: Claytonia 3: 13. (1936)
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